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Kinetic modeling and experimental study of photocatalytic process using graphene oxide/TiO2 composites. A case for wastewater treatment under sunlight

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Abstract

Graphene oxide (GO) synthesised by the Hummers method and modified with TiO2 (xGO/TiO2 with x = 2, 5, 10, 15 and 30 wt%) is used to improve the photocatalytic reactivity of TiO2 for the dye removal. The synthesised samples were characterised by XRD, SEM/EDS, BET surface area, RDs, FTIR and EIS. Under sun irradiation, the photocatalysts exhibited efficient photoreactivity. The efficiency of the dye removal reaction increases, after 10 min of solar irradiation, from 14 to 81%upon increasing the % GO from 0 to 30%. The 30GO/TiO2 composites exhibit better photoactivity under sunlight irradiation compared to the other composites. Thus, after 10 min of irradiation, the MO removal efficiency with the 30GO/TiO2 photocatalyst reaches 84% of its maximum value (96%). In contrast, with TiO2 alone, the maximum yield of 81% can only be achieved after 60 min. The modification of the catalyst with GO made it possible to decrease the reaction time necessary to reach the steady-state. Both classical and fractal-like kinetic models applied to photodegradation data showed that the Weibull model is the best fit (RMSE, ARE, R2 and t0.5). Compared to pure TiO2, the 30GO/TiO2 catalyst shortens the degradation time by half; the photodegradation by xGO/TiO2 shows a decrease in mass transfer resistance inside a winding channel on the surface and in the fluid film surrounding the catalyst particles. This led to an enhancement in the mass transfer coefficient and intraparticle diffusivity on 30GO/TiO2 catalyst of about 19 and 13 times compared to the pure TiO2.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the Directorate General for Scientific Research and Technological Development DGRSDT and they are thanked for their financial support.

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  1. Département de Génie Des Procédés, Faculté de Technologie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algérie

    Ourida Deflaoui, Beldjoudi Sabrina & Saliha Bourouina-Bacha

  2. Centre de Recherche Scientifique Et Technique en Analyses Physico-Chimiques, CP 42004, Bou-Ismail, Tipaza, Algeria

    Amel Boudjemaa

  3. Département de Chimie, Faculté Des Sciences Exactes, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algérie

    Bahdja Hayoun & Mustapha Bourouina

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  1. Ourida Deflaoui
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Deflaoui, O., Boudjemaa, A., Sabrina, B. et al. Kinetic modeling and experimental study of photocatalytic process using graphene oxide/TiO2 composites. A case for wastewater treatment under sunlight. Reac Kinet Mech Cat 133, 1141–1162 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-021-02022-8

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