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Prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni and Associated Risk Factors in Human and Biomphalaria Snails in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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Abstract

Purpose

Schistosomiasis is one of the leading chronic parasitic diseases in Ethiopia. We aimed to summarize the prevalence of S. mansoni in human and Biomphalaria snails as well as risk factors in Ethiopia.

Methods

Literature search was carried out from Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct and PubMed which reported Schistosoma mansoni infection in human and Biomphalaria snails in Ethiopia. The overall prevalence was estimated by a random-effect model and heterogeneities among studies were assessed by I2 test.

Results

A total of 178,251 participants and 1,097 snails were tested for the presence of S. mansoni in the eligible studies. The pooled prevalence of S. mansoni was 32.5% (95% CI 28.0–37.0) and 15.9% (95% CI − 5.6–37.5) in human and Biomphalaria snails in Ethiopia, respectively. The highest pooled prevalence was 43.2% (95% CI 27.3–59.1) in South Nations and National Peoples region while the lowest pooled prevalence was 25% (95% CI 19.3–30.7) observed in the Afar region. Interestingly, the pooled prevalence of S. mansoni declined from 40.7% (95% CI 33–48.4) to 22.4% (95% CI 18.5–26.3) after the launching of mass drug administration (MDA). The analysis of risk factors showed that swimming habit (OR, 2.78; 95% CI 2.35–3.21) and participation in irrigation (OR, 2.69; 95% CI 1.45–3.73) were independent predictors for S. mansoni infection.

Conclusion

This study revealed that about one-third of human and nearly 16% of Biomphalaria snails were infected with S. mansoni in Ethiopia. This review indicated that the prevalence of S. mansoni declined after the implementation of MDA. This study highlights the importance of further integrated approaches for better control of schistosomiasis in Ethiopia.

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Data availability

All information is included with the manuscript.

Code availability

Not applicable.

Abbreviations

CI:

Confidence interval

DALYs:

Disability-adjusted life year

EOTC:

Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church

I 2 :

Inverse variance index

MDA:

Mass drug administration

NOS:

Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale

NTD:

Neglected tropical disease

OR:

Odd ratio

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

POC:

Point of care

PRISMA:

Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis

WASH:

Water, sanitation and hygiene

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Acknowledgements

We are gratful to all authors whose articles are included in this systematic review and meta-analysis.

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  1. Department of Biology, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

    Tamirat Hailegebriel, Endalkachew Nibret & Abaineh Munshea

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  1. Tamirat Hailegebriel
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TH was involved in the design and conducted the review, data analysis, interpretation of the findings and drafting of the manuscript. EN and AM were involved in drafting the manuscript, reviewing and editing the manuscript.

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Hailegebriel, T., Nibret, E. & Munshea, A. Prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni and Associated Risk Factors in Human and Biomphalaria Snails in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Acta Parasit. 67, 31–48 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-021-00449-6

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