Skip to main content
Log in

Affordances of e-Newsletters for NPO General-Public Stakeholders

  • Research Papers
  • Published:
VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The study investigates the affordances of email newsletters as perceived by the general public subscribers of non-profit organizations’ e-newsletters, through analyzing over 17,000 survey responses. An affordance lens acknowledges the possibility of multiple courses of action and forms of engagement in relation to the technology. Findings reveal that email newsletters may be more useful in terms of relationship cultivation than has been generally recognized, but also that perceptions of email affordances varied considerably between segments of the non-profit sector. While finding no strong links between e-newsletter receipt and volunteering or donation activity, the usefulness of email newsletters in terms of building connection between organization and recipient was confirmed at a moderate level. While illuminating the range of affordances offered by email, which has been largely overlooked in the literature, this study also suggests a number of implications for organizations in the non-profit sector.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aufreiter, N., Boudet, J. and Weng, V. (2014). Why marketers should keep sending you e-mails. McKinsey & Company. Available at: www.mckinsey.com/insights/marketing_sales/why_marketers_should_keep_sending_you_e-mails

  • Ayyadurai, S. (2013). The email revolution: How to build brands and create real connections. Allworth Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bortree, D., & Seltzer, T. (2009). Dialogic strategies and outcomes: An analysis of environmental advocacy groups’ Facebook profiles. Public Relations Review, 35, 317–319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bradshaw, J., & Nolan, R. (2010). Digital fundraising and marketing—The great digital divide. Fundraising and Philanthropy Australasia, 26, 12–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Branston, K., & Bush, L. (2010). The nature of online social good networks and their impact on non-profit organisations and users. PRism 7(2), 1–14. Retrieved from www.prismjournal.org/fileadmin/Praxis/Files/Journal_Files/Branston_Bush.pdf

  • Bridges, N., Howell, G., and Schmied, V. (2019). Creating online communities to build positive relationships and increase engagement in not-for-profit organisations. Asia Pacific Public Relations Journal, 20. Retrieved from https://www.pria.com.au/public/38/files/Asia%20Pacific%20PR%20Journal/Volume%2020/Bridges_volume20_v2.pdf

  • Briones, R. L., Kuch, B., Liu, B., & Jin, Y. (2011). Keeping up with the digital age: How the American Red Cross uses social media to build relationships. Public Relations Review, 37(1), 37–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carboni, J. L., & Maxwell, S. P. (2015). Effective social media engagement for nonprofits: What matters? Journal of Public and NonProfit Affairs, 1(1), 18–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chan, M. (2010). The impact of email on collective action: A field application of the SIDE model. New Media & Society, 12(8), 1313–1330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, H., & Brennan, S. (1991). Grounding in communication. In L. B. Resnick, Jm M. Levine, & S. D. Teasley (Eds.), Perspectives on socially shared cognition (pp. 127–149). Washington DC: American Psychological Association.

  • Curtis, L., Edwards, C., Fraser, K. L., Gudelsky, S., Holmquist, J., Thornton, K., & Sweetser, K. D. (2010). Adoption of social media for public relations by non-profit organizations. Public Relations Review, 36, 90–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erhardt, N., & Gibbs, J. L. (2014). The dialectical nature of impression management in knowledge work. Management Communication Quarterly, 28(2), 155–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Faraj, S., & Azad, B. (2012). The materiality of technology: An affordance perspective. In P. Leonardi, B. Nardi, & J. Kallinikos (Eds.), Materiality and organizing: Social interaction in a technological world (pp. 237–258). Oxford University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Farrow, H., & Yuan, Y. C. (2011). Building stronger ties with alumni through Facebook to increase volunteerism and charitable giving. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 16, 445–464.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feng, Y., Du, L., & Ling, Q. (2017). How social media strategies of nonprofit organizations affect consumer donation intention and word-of-mouth. Social Behavior and Personality: An international Journal, 45(11), 1775–1786. https://doiorg.ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/10.2224/sbp.4412 .

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fu, J. S., Cooper, K. R., & Shumate, M. (2019). Use and affordances of ICTs in interorganizational collaboration: An exploratory study of ICTs in nonprofit partnerships. Management Communication Quarterly, 33(2), 219–237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ge J., Gretzel, U., & Clarke R. J. (2013) Strategic use of social media affordances for marketing: A case study of Chinese DMOs. In Z. Xiang, & I. Tussyadiah I (Eds.), Information and communication technologies in tourism 2014. Springer.

  • Gibbs, J., Rozaidi, N. A., & Eisenberg, J. (2013). Overcoming the ideology of openness: Probing the affordances of social media for organizational knowledge and sharing. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 19, 102–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, J. J. (1979). The ecological approach to visual perception. Houghton Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, F. E., & Hopkins, K. (2014). Non-profit organizations and relationship cultivation: Do electronic newsletters have a role to play? PRism 11(1). Retrieved from http://www.prismjournal.org/vol11.html

  • Gray, F. E., & Hopkins, K. (2018). Transported: New Zealand non-profit organizations, digital platforms, and the limitations of metaphor. New Media & Society, 21(3), 750–769.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo, C., & Saxton, G. D. (2014). Tweeting social change: How social media are changing nonprofit advocacy. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 43(1), 57–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo, C., & Saxton, G. D. (2018). Speaking and being heard: How non-profit advocacy organizations gain attention on social media. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 47(1), 5–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hackler, D., & Saxton, G. D. (2007). The strategic use of information technology by non-profit organizations: Increasing capacity and untapped potential. Public Administration Review, 67, 474–487.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Han, G., & Zhang, J. (2015). New communication platform, message valence, and health risk: Does social networking media matter in understanding painkiller use? Journal of Health Communication on the Internet, 19, 161–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hancock, J., Toma, C., & Ellison, N. (2007). The truth about lying in online dating profiles. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 449–452). New York: ACM.

  • Hart, T. R. (2002). ePhilanthropy: Using the Internet to build support. International Journal of Non-Profit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 7(4), 353–360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hartemo, M. (2016). Email marketing in the era of the empowered consumer. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 10(3), 212–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hou, Y., & Lampe, C. (2015). Social media effectiveness for public engagement: Examples of small nonprofits. CHI2015, 1–10 (Researchgate).

  • Hutchby, I. (2001). Technologies, texts and affordances. Sociology, 35(2), 441–456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ihm, J. (2017). Classifying and relating different types of online and offline volunteering. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 28(1), 400–419.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, N., & Lilleker, D. (2007). Seeking unmediated political information in a mediated environment: The uses and gratifications of political parties' e-newsletters. Information, Communication & Society, 10(2), 242–264. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691180701307495.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jake-Schoffman, D. E., Wilcox, S., Kaczynski, A. T., Turner-McGrievy, G., Friedman, D. B., & West, D. S. (2018). E-Media use and preferences for physical activity and public health information: Results of a web-based survey. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 24(4), 385–391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kenix, L. J. (2008). Non-profit organizations’ perceptions and uses of the Internet. Television and New Media, 9(5), 407–428.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kent, M., & Taylor, M. (1998). Building dialogic relationships through the World Wide Web. Public Relations Review, 24(3), 321–334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kietzmann, J. H., Hermkens, K., McCarthy, I. P., & Silvestre, B. S. (2011). Social media? Get serious! Understanding the functional building blocks of social media. Business Horizons, 54, 241–251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kitchenham, B. A., & Pfleeger, S. L. (2008). Personal opinion surveys. In F. Shull, J. Singer, & D. I. Sjoberg (Eds.), Guide to advanced empirical software engineering (pp. 63–92). Springer-Verlag.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Leonardi, P. (2009). Crossing the implementation line: The mutual constitution of technology and organizing across development and use activities. Communication Theory, 19, 277–309. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2009.01344.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leonardi, P. M., & Barley, S. R. (2010). What’s under construction here? Social action, materiality, and power in constructivist studies of technology and organizing. Academy of Management Annals, 4, 1–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lethbridge, T. C. (2000). What knowledge is important to a software professional? Computer, 33(5), 44–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levine, H., & Zahradnik, A. G. (2012). Online media, market orientation, and financial performance in nonprofits. Journal of Nonprofit and Public Sector Marketing, 24(1), 26–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lovejoy, K., & Saxton, G. (2012). Information, community, and action: How nonprofit organizations use social media. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 17, 337–353.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mahmoud, A. B., Grigoriou, N., Fuxman, L., Hack-Polay, D., Mahmoud, F. B., Yafi, E., & Tehseen, S. (2019). Email is evil! Behavioural responses towards permission-based direct email marketing and gender differences. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 13(2), 227–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Majchrzak, A., Faraj, S., Kane, G. C., & Azad, B. (2013). The contradictory influence of social media affordances on online knowledge sharing. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 19(1), 38–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCaskill, J. R., & Harrington, J. R. (2017). Revenue sources and social media engagement among environmentally focused nonprofits. Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs, 3(3), 309–319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McLeod, J. (2017). The New Zealand cause report: Shape of the charity sector. JBWere. Available at https://www.jbwere.co.nz/assets/Uploads/The-JBWere-NZ-Cause-Report.pdf

  • Nah, S., & Saxton, G. D. (2012). Modeling the adoption and use of social media by nonprofit organizations. New Media & Society, 15(2), 294–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • New Zealand Charities Register. (2020). https://register.charities.govt.nz/CharitiesRegister

  • O’Neil, J. (2007). The link between strong public relationships and donor support. Public Relations Review, 33(1), 99–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Neil, J., & Schieffer, B. (2014). An examination of Fortune 500 companies’ and Philanthropy 200 nonprofit organizations’ relationship cultivation strategies on Facebook. Public Relations Journal, 8(10), 1–27. Retrieved from www.prsa.org/Intelligence/PRJournal/Documents/201402JulieONeil.pdf

  • Okada, A., Ishida, Y., & Yamauchi, N. (2017). Effectiveness of social media in disaster fundraising: Mobilizing the public towards voluntary actions. International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age, 4(1), 49–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olivier, N., O’Neil, J., & Lambiase, J. (2013). Engendering relationship outcomes through stakeholder involvement: A case study of a non-profit organization. Retrieved from http://swmcjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/oneil-olivier-lambiase.pdf

  • Park, H., & Rhee, Y. (2010). Associations among relationship maintenance strategies, organization-public relationships, and support for organizations: An exploratory study of the non-profit sector. PRism 7(2). Retrieved from www.prismjournal.org/fileadmin/Praxis/Files/Journal_Files/Park_Rhee.pdf

  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioural research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reddick, C. G., & Ponomariov, B. (2013). The Effect of Individuals’ Organization Affiliation on Their Internet Donations. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 42(6), 1197–1223. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764012452670.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rice, R., Evans, S., Pearce, K., Sivunen, A., Vitak, J., & Treem, J. (2017). Organizational media affordances: Operationalization and associations with media use. Journal of Communication, 67, 106–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rybalko, S., & Seltzer, T. (2010). Dialogic community in 140 characters or less: How Fortune 500 companies engage stakeholders using Twitter. Public Relations Review, 36(4), 336–341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saxton, G. D., & Wang, L. (2014). The social network effect: The determinants of giving through social media. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 43(5), 850–868.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schiff, A. (2012). DMA: Direct mail response rates beat digital. Direct Marketing News. Available at: www.dmnews.com/dma-direct-mail-response-rates-beat-digital/article/245780/

  • Schneider, T., Eli, K., McLennan, A., Dolan, C., Lezaun, J., & Ulijaszek, S. (2017). Governance by campaign: The co-constitution of food issues, publics and expertise through new information and communication technologies. Information Communication and Society, 22(2), 172–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seshadri, S., & Carstenson, L. (2007). The perils of e-mail communications in nonprofits. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 18(1), 77–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shafrir, S. M., & Yuan, Y. C. (2012). Getting the feel: Email usage in a nonprofit community organization in a low-income community. Communication Quarterly, 60(1), 103–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J. N. (2018). The social network?: Nonprofit constituent engagement through social media. Journal of Nonprofit and Public Sector Marketing, 30(3), 294–316.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, M. M. (2007). Nonprofit religious organization web sites: Underutilized avenue of communicating with group members. Journal of Media and Religion, 6(4), 273–290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • StatisticsNZ. (2017). Retrieved from http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/economic_indicators/NationalAccounts/non-profit-2013-mr.aspx

  • Sutherland, K. E., & Mak, A. K. Y. (2017). Blending dialogic and relationship management theories—Developing an integrated social media communication model for the non-profit sector. In S. Duhe (Ed.), New media and public relations (3rd ed., pp. 129–140). Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Svensson, P. G., Mahoney, T. Q., & Hambrick, M. E. (2015). Twitter as a Communication Tool for Nonprofits: A Study of Sport-for-Development Organizations. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 44(6), 1086–1106. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764014553639.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, M., & Kent, M. L. (2014). Dialogic engagement: Clarifying foundational concepts. Journal of Public Relations Research, 26(5), 384–398.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, M., Kent, M. L., & White, W. (2001). How activist organizations are using the Internet to build relationships. Public Relations Review, 27(3), 263–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Treem, J. W., & Leonardi, P. M. (2012). Social media use in organizations: Exploring the affordances of visibility, editability, persistence, and association. Communication Yearbook, 36, 143–189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Umit, R. (2017). With happiness and glory, from your MP: The use of e-newsletters in the UK Parliaments. Parliamentary Affairs, 70(4), 759–779.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vaast, E., & Kaganer, E. (2013). Social media affordances and governance in the workplace: An examination of organizational policies. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 19, 78–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waters, R. D., Burnett, E., Lamm, A., & Lucas, J. (2009). Engaging stakeholders through social networking: How nonprofit organizations are using Facebook. Public Relations Review, 35, 102–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waters, R. W., & Jamal, J. Y. (2011). Tweet, tweet, tweet: A content analysis of non-profit organizations’ Twitter updates. Public Relations Review, 37(3), 321–324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whittaker, S. (2003). Theories and methods in mediated communication. In A.C. Grasesser, M. A. Gernsbacher & S. R. Goldman (Eds.), Handbook of discourse processes (pp. 243–286). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

  • Worldometers. (2020). http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/new-zealand-population/

  • Wrench, J. S., Thomas-Maddox, C., Richmond, V. P., & McCroskey, J. C. (2008). Quantitative research methods for communication: A hands-on approach. Oxford University Press.

  • Young, W., Russell, S. V., Robinson, C. A., & Barkemeyer, R. (2017). Can social media be a tool for reducing consumers’ food waste? A behaviour change experiment by a UK retailer. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 117, 195–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zorn, T., Flanagin, A., & Shoham, M. (2011). Institutional and noninstitutional influences on information and communication technology adoption and use among nonprofit organizations. Human Communication Research, 37, 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2010.01387.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to F. Elizabeth Gray.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Appendix 1: New Zealand Standard Classification of Non-Profit Organizations

Appendix 1: New Zealand Standard Classification of Non-Profit Organizations

1. Culture, sport and recreation

 Culture and arts

 Sports

 Other recreation and social clubs

 Culture and recreation support and ancillary services

2. Education and research

 Early childhood education

 Primary and Secondary education

 Higher education

 Other education

 Research

 Education and research support and ancillary services

3. Health

 Hospitals and rehabilitation

 Nursing homes

 Mental health and crisis intervention

 Other health services

 Health support and ancillary services

4. Social Services

 Social services

 Emergency and relief

 Income support and maintenance

 Social services support and ancillary services

5. Environment

 Environment

 Animal protection

 Environment support and ancillary services

6. Development and housing

 Economic, social and community development

 Tangata Whenua governance organizations

 Housing

 Employment and training

 Development and housing support and ancillary services

7. Law, advocacy and politics

 Civic and advocacy organizations

 Law and legal services

Political organizations

 Law, advocacy and politics support and ancillary services

8. Grant making, fundraising and voluntarism promotion

 Grant making foundations

 Fundraising

 Voluntarism promotion

 Grant making, fundraising and voluntarism promotion support and ancillary services

9. International

 International activities

 International support and ancillary services

10. Religion

 Religious congregations and associations

 Religion support and ancillary services

11. Business and professional associations, unions

 Business associations

 Professional associations

 Labor unions

 Business and professional associations, unions support and services

12. Not elsewhere classified (residual category)

 Other

 Don't know

 Refused to answer

 Response unidentifiable

 Response outside scope

 Not stated

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gray, F.E., Murray, N. & Hopkins, K. Affordances of e-Newsletters for NPO General-Public Stakeholders. Voluntas 32, 1165–1181 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-021-00374-2

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-021-00374-2

Keywords

Navigation