Abstract
In this article, six-port Multi-Band MIMO antenna is presented for 5G mobile phone applications. The proposed antenna array is designed by making six open-ended slots in the ground plane which is printed on the backside of 0.8 mm thick FR4 substrate. The proposed antenna operates in the frequency band 3.33 GHz–3.63 GHz (covers LTE band 42) with − 10 dB impedance bandwidth of 300 MHz. Nevertheless, for 3:1 VSWR (− 6 dB impedance bandwidth), the total bandwidth is 500 MHz from 3.3 to 3.8 GHz (includes LTE bands 43, 48, 49 and 52). The prototype of the six-element antenna array is fabricated and measured. The measured isolation is better than 16 dB without employing any decoupling techniques, making the antenna highly equipped for 5G mobile applications. MIMO parameters like Envelope Correlation Coefficient, and Peak Channel Capacity are measured. The robustness of the six-port MIMO antenna system is validated by estimating the user's hand effects and Specific Absorption Rate. Better agreement between the simulated and measured results exhibit, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for future cellular applications.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Xu, Su., Zhang, M., Wen, H., et al. (2017). Deep-subwavelength decoupling for MIMO antennas in mobile handsets with singular medium. Science and Reports, 7(12162), 1–9.
Zhao, A., & Zhouyou, R. (2019). Size reduction of self-isolated MIMO antenna system for 5G mobile phone applications. IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagation Letters, 18, 152–156.
Sun, L., Feng, H., Li, Y., et al. (2018). Compact 5G MIMO mobile phone antennas with tightly arranged orthogonal-mode pairs. IEEE Transactions on Antenna and Propagation, 66(11), 6364–6369.
Li, M.-Y. (2017). Eight-port orthogonally dual-polarized MIMO antennas using loop structures for 5G smartphone. IET Microwaves and Antennas Propagation, 11(12), 1810–1816.
Parchin, N. O., Al-Yasir, Y. I. A., Ali, A. H., et al. (2019). Eight-element dual polarized MIMO slot antenna system for 5G smartphone applications. IEEE Access, 9, 15612–15622.
Li, M.-Y., Ban, Y.-L., Xu, Z.-Q., et al. (2018). Tri-polarized 12-antenna MIMO array for future 5G smartphone applications. IEEE Access, 6, 6160–6170.
Abdullah, M., Ban, Y.-L., Kang, K., et al. (2017). Eight-element antenna array at 3.5 GHz for MIMO wireless application. Progress in Electromagnetic Research C, 78, 209–217.
Zhao, X., Yeo, S. P., & Ong, L. C. (2018). Decoupling of inverted-F antennas with high order modes of ground plane for 5G mobile MIMO platform. IEEE Transactions on Antenna and Propagation, 66(9), 4485–4495.
Wong, K.-L., Lu, J.-Y., Chen, L.-Y., et al. (2016). 8-antenna and 16-antenna arrays using the quad-antenna linear array as a building block for the 3.5-GHz LTE MIMO operation in the smartphone. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 58(1), 174–181.
Parchin, N. O., Al-Yasir, Y. I. A., Noras, J. M., et al. (EuCAP 2019). Dual-polarized MIMO antenna array design using miniaturized self-complementary structures for 5G smartphone applications. In 13th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, (p. 1–4). Krakow, Poland.
Li, M.-Y., Ban, Y.-L., Xu, Z.-Q., et al. (2016). Eight-port orthogonally dual polarized antenna array for 5G smartphone applications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 64(9), 3820–3830.
Wong, K. L., Lu, J. Y., Chen, L. Y., et al. (2015). 16-antenna array in the smartphone for the 3.5-GHz MIMO operation. In Asia Pacific Microwave conference, (p. 1–3).
Wong, K. L., Lu, J. Y., Chen, L. Y., et al. (2016). 8-antenna and 16-antenna arrays using the quad-antenna linear array as a building block for the 3.5-GHz LTE MIMO operation in the smartphone. Microwave and optical technology Letters, 58(1), 174–181.
Lu, J. Y., Wong, K. L., Li, W. Y. (2016). Compact eight-antenna array in the smartphone for the 3.5-GHz LTE 8×8 MIMO operation. In Proceedings of IEEE 5th Asia-Pacific Conf on Antennas and Propagation, (p. 323–324).
Jiang, W., Liu, B., Cui, Y. Q., et al. (2019). High-isolation eight element MIMO array for 5G smartphone applications. IEEE Access, 7, 34104–34112.
Jiang, W., Cui, Y. Q., Liu, B., et al. (2019). A dual-band MIMO antenna with enhanced isolation for 5G smartphone applications. IEEE Access, 7, 112554–112563.
Xu, H., Zhou, H., Gao, S., et al. (2017). Multimode de coupling technique with independent tuning characteristic for mobile terminals. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 65(12), 6739–6751.
Li, M. Y., Ban, Y. L., Xu, Z. Q., et al. (2016). Eight-port orthogonally dual-polarized antenna array for 5G smartphone applications. IEEE Transactions on Antenna and Propagation, 64(9), 3820–3830.
Li, M. Y., Xu, Z. Q., Ban, Y. L., et al. (2017). Eight-port orthogonally dual-polarized MIMO antennas using loop structures for 5G smartphone. IET Microwaves & Antennas Propagation, 11(12), 1810–1816.
Li, M. Y., Ban, Y. L., Xu, Z. Q., et al. (2018). Tri-polarized 12-antenna MIMO array for future 5G smartphone applications. IEEE Access, 6, 6160–6170.
Li, Y. X., Sim, C. Y. D., Luo, Y., et al. (2018). Multiband 10-antenna array for sub-6 GHz MIMO applications in 5-G smartphone. IEEE Access, 6, 28041–28053.
Liu, Y., Ren, A. D., Liu, H., et al. (2019). Eight-port MIMO array using characteristic mode theory for 5G smartphone applications. IEEE Access, 7, 45679–45692.
Sun, L. B., Feng, H. G., & Li, Y. (2018). Tightly arranged orthogonal mode antenna for 5G MIMO mobile terminal. Microwave and optical technology Letters, 60(7), 1751–1756.
Sun, L. B., Feng, H. G., Li, Y., et al. (2018). Compact 5G MIMO mobile phone antennas with tightly arranged orthogonal mode pairs. IEEE Transactions on Antenna and Propagation, 66(11), 6364–6369.
Ren, A. D., Liu, Y., & Sim, C. Y. D. (2019). A compact building block with two shared-aperture antennas for eight-antenna MIMO array in metal-rimmed smartphone. IEEE Transactions on Antenna and Propagation, 67(10), 6430–6438.
Wong, K. L., Tsai, C. Y., & Lu, J. Y. (2017). Two asymmetrically mirrored gap-coupled loop antennas as a compact building block for eight-antenna MIMO array in the future smartphone. IEEE Transactions on Antenna and Propagation, 65(4), 1765–1778.
Wong, K. L., Chen, Y. H., & Li, W. Y. (2018). Decoupled compact ultra-wideband MIMO antennas covering 3300–6000 MHz for the fifth-generation mobile and 5 GHz WLAN operations in the future smartphone. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 60(10), 2345–2351.
Wong, K. L., Lin, B. W., & Lin, S. E. (2019). High-isolation conjoined loop multi-input multi-output antennas for the fifth-generation tablet device. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 61(1), 111–119.
Zhang, X. G., Li, Y. X., Wang, W., et al. (2019). Ultra-wideband 8-port MIMO antenna array for 5G metal-frame smart phones. IEEE Access, 7, 72273–72282.
Lu, J. Y., Chang, H. J., Wong, K. L. 10-antenna array in the smartphone for the 3.6-GHz MIMO operation. In Proc IEEE Int Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, 2015, (p. 1220–1221).
Wong, K. L., Chang, H. J., & Li, W. Y. (2018). Integrated triple wide band triple-inverted-F antenna covering 617–960/ 1710–2690/3300–4200 MHz for 4G/5G communications in the smart phone. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 60(9), 2091–2096.
Huang, C., Jiao, Y. C., & Weng, Z. B. (2018). Novel compact CRLHTL-based tri-band MIMO antenna element for the 5G mobile handsets. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 60(10), 2559–2564.
Chen, Q. G., Lin, H. W., Wang, J. P., et al. (2019). Single ring slot-based antennas for metal-rimmed 4G/5G smartphones. IEEE Transactions on Antenna and Propagation, 67(3), 1476–1487.
Deng, C. J., Liu, D., & Lv, X. (2019). Tightly-arranged four-element MIMO antennas for 5G mobile terminals. IEEE Transactions on Antenna and Propagation, 7(10), 6353–6361.
Li, Y. X., Sim, C. Y. D., Luo, Y., et al. (2019). High-isolation 3.5 GHz eight-antenna MIMO array using balanced open-slot antenna element for 5G smart phones. IEEE Transactions on Antenna and Propagation, 67(6), 3820–3830.
Certification C. (2011). Test Plan for mobile station over the air performance, Method of Measurement for radiated Power receiver performance, revision 3.1 January 2011.
Fallah, M., Heydari, A. A., Mallahzadeh, A. R., & Kashani, F. H. (2011). Design and SAR reduction of the vest antenna using metamaterial for broadband applications. Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal, 26, 141–155.
Ban, Y. L., Li, C., Sim, C. Y. D., et al. (2016). 4G/5G multiple antennas for future multi-mode smartphone applications. IEEE Access, 4, 2981–2988.
Acknowledgements
Authors wish to thank RF Centre of Excellence SASTRA-Keysight at SASTRA for their technical support in fabrication and measuring the antenna parameters.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kumar, D.R., Babu, G.V. Six-Port Quarter Wavelength Slotted MIMO Antenna for 5G Mobile Phone. Wireless Pers Commun 120, 2043–2059 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-08733-4
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-08733-4