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Ñande reko : the fundamentals of Guaraní traditional environmental knowledge in southern Brazil

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Abstract

This article presents some major aspects of environmental resource management by the Guaraní indigenous people in southern Brazil and the Río de La Plata basin. Drawing upon a broad interdisciplinary database from various authors since the 16th century AD, we suggest that the Guaraní passed down a system of knowledge about their particular way of life through many generations, which had begun in the Amazon region where they originated. This system was based on the form and function of their material culture, as well as their knowledge of their surroundings including the plants and animals there, and their practices. Their subsistence was based upon the long-term cultivation and management of a wide range of plants for food, medicine and raw materials. These resources were brought with them into newly colonized areas, and new plants were continually adopted for use, enabling the Guaraní to create settlements and manage the plants and animals within some very different ecosystems. These practices provided them with food security and eventually led to the modification of the vegetation in these landscapes by their activities.

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Acknowledgements

This project was partially funded by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (Brazilian National Research Council) for F. Noelli and G. Votre. Thanks for the readings and good suggestions by Amílcar D. de Mello, Marianne Sallum, Noélia Bortolloto, Andres Gascue, Silvana Zuse, Caroline Caromano, Leandro Cascon and Eduardo Bespalez. Special thanks to Lúcio Ferreira, Danielle Gomes Samia, Mariano Bonomo and Héctor Keller. To Jenny Watling for her English translation and revision. To the VHAA reviewers and editors for the careful revision and suggestions. The article is a modified version of a paper published in Portuguese in Revista Brasileira de Linguística Antropológica, vol 11, issue 1. https://doi.org/10.26512/rbla.v11i1.23636. It contains complementary explanations published by F. Noelli about the archaeology of the Guaraní (Bonomo et al. 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.10.050) and the archaeology and linguistics of the Tupí (Silva and Noelli 2017, https://doi.org/10.14393/RCS-v7n1-2017-39256).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Arqueologia (UNIARQ), Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, 1600-214, Lisboa, Portugal

    Francisco Silva Noelli

  2. Laboratório de Arqueobotânica e Paisagem, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arqueologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-040, Brazil

    Giovana Cadorin Votre

  3. Núcleo de Pesquisas Paleoambientais - NEPA/UNIOESTE, Universidade Estaduel do Oeste do Paraná, R. Universitária, 1619 - Universitário, Cascavel, PR, 85819-110, Brazil

    Marcos César Pereira Santos

  4. Laboratório de Arqueologia Pedro Ignácio Schmitz (LAPIS), Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC/Criciúma/SC), Av. Universitária, 1105 - Bairro Universitário C.P. 3167, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, 88806-000, Brazil

    Diego Dias Pavei

  5. Laboratório de Arqueologia Pedro Ignácio Schmitz (LAPIS) Professor, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais (PPGCA), Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC/Criciúma/SC), Av. Universitária, 1105 - Bairro Universitário C.P. 3167, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, 88806-000, Brazil

    Juliano Bitencourt Campos

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  1. Francisco Silva Noelli
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  2. Giovana Cadorin Votre
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  3. Marcos César Pereira Santos
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  4. Diego Dias Pavei
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  5. Juliano Bitencourt Campos
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Correspondence to Francisco Silva Noelli.

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Noelli, F.S., Votre, G.C., Santos, M.C.P. et al. Ñande reko : the fundamentals of Guaraní traditional environmental knowledge in southern Brazil . Veget Hist Archaeobot 31, 187–203 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-021-00848-9

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