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Biocontrol of tomato bacterial spot by novel Bacillus and Pseudomonas strains

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Abstract

Bacterial spot is a disease that affects tomato worldwide reducing its yield and quality. It is caused by different Xanthomonas spp., among which is Xanthomonas vesicatoria. Copper-based bactericides are generally used to control this disease, although nowadays sustainable strategies are being searched to efficiently replace their use. Our aim was to select native bacteria from tomato rhizosphere with biocontrol properties against X. vesicatoria. We selected, characterized, and identified three novel strains, two closely related to Bacillus velezensis (VMA11p and VM05) and one closely related to Pseudomonas soli (VMAP1), that in vitro antagonized X. vesicatoria. We evaluated the efficacy of the three rhizobacteria and their cell-free supernatants to control bacterial spot using the model tomato-X. vesicatoria in plants grown in pots, in greenhouse conditions. Bacterial suspensions of VMA11p and VMAP1, applied to the soil by irrigation, significantly (P < 0.05) reduced bacterial spot severity by 53.9% and 44.2%, respectively. Nevertheless, the most effective strategy to control bacterial spot was achieved using the cell-free supernatant produced by VMA11p, VM05 or VMAP1 applied as foliar spray, which significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the severity of the disease by 98.5%, 94.2% and 75.2%, respectively. None of the treatments reduced the growth of tomato plants. Our results suggest that the use of these novel strains of Bacillus and Pseudomonas and/or their metabolic products could be used for the development of biocontrol strategies for the management of bacterial spot in tomato.

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Acknowledgements

We thank technical assistance: Albino Rivas and Horacio Ledesma (from Plant Pathology at Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires) in the biocontrol trials.

MIB, NM and PMY are Career Investigators of CONICET, VF is a postdoctoral fellow from CONICET, and AMR is professor and researcher at the UBA.

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Funding

This work was supported by ANPCyT (PICT 2017-2699), project PIO CONICET-UNVM (grant number 20320150100008CO), PIODO (grant number N° 0058/2018 MinCyT, Córdoba, Argentina), PIO (grant number Nº 41/2020 MinCyT Córdoba, GRFT 109/2017 MinCyT Córdoba, UNVM (594/2018) and UBACyT (grant number 20020170100695BA).

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Author notes

  1. V. Felipe, M.I. Bianco, A.M. Romero and P.M. Yaryura, these authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Villa María (CIT-VM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María (UNVM), Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina

    V. Felipe & P.M. Yaryura

  2. Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas (IAPCByA), Universidad Nacional de Villa María (UNVM), Villa María, Argentina

    V. Felipe, M. Terrestre & P.M. Yaryura

  3. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología “Dr. César Milstein”, Fundación Pablo Cassará, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Saladillo 2468 (C1440FFX), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

    M.I. Bianco & N. Mielnichuk

  4. Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Cátedra de Fitopatología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

    A.M. Romero

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  1. V. Felipe
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by V. Felipe, M.I. Bianco, M. Terrestre, N. Mielnichuk. The first draft of the manuscript was written by M.I. Bianco and P.M. Yaryura, all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to P.M. Yaryura.

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Felipe, V., Bianco, M., Terrestre, M. et al. Biocontrol of tomato bacterial spot by novel Bacillus and Pseudomonas strains. Eur J Plant Pathol 160, 935–948 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-021-02297-6

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