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Purification of biodiesel-derived crude glycerol by acidification to be used as a carbon source for microbial oil production by oleaginous yeast Pseudozyma parantarctica CHC28

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Abstract

This research aimed to apply the acidification method to remove impurities from biodiesel-derived crude glycerol (BCG) and investigate the potential of purified BCG (PBCG) to be used as a carbon source for microbial oil production by oleaginous yeast Pseudozyma parantarctica CHC28. The optimum purifying conditions of BCG were pretreated with hydrochloric acid at a pH of 1.71. The PBCG concentration was 469.52 g/L under optimized conditions. The batch fermentation was studied using a nitrogen-limited medium containing PBCG (PBCG-medium). The PBCG-medium with 50 g of PBCG per liter provided the maximum biomass and oil concentration of 11.10 g/L and 4.07 g/L, respectively. The oil accumulation was approximately 45%. The long-chain fatty acids C16–C18 were the main compositions, which accounted for over 85%. These results suggested that the conversion of PBCG into microbial oil was an interesting direction to produce microbial oil. It was also a remarkable solution to add value to the by-products from biodiesel production. The mathematical model was demonstrated to describe satisfactorily the yeast growth and microbial oil production profile achieved in media containing pure glycerol and PBCG as carbon sources.

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Abbreviations

PG:

Pure glycerol

BCG:

Biodiesel-derived crude glycerol

PBCG:

Purified biodiesel-based crude glycerol

X 1 :

Types of acid

X 2 :

PH level

Y :

Glycerol concentration (g/L)

\({X}_{\text{i}}\), \({X}_{\text{j}}\) :

Coded independent variable

FFAs:

Free fatty acids

dX/dt :

The rate of growth (g/L h)

dS/dt :

The rate of substrate consumption (g/L h)

dP/dt :

The rate of oil production (g/L h)

X :

Biomass concentration (g/L)

X max :

Maximum biomass concentration (g/L)

S :

Substrate concentration (g/L)

∆ S :

Consumed substrate (g/L)

P :

Oil concentration (g/L)

Y x/s :

Biomass yield (g cell/g substrate)

Y p/s :

Product yield (g oil /g substrate)

Y p/x :

Oil content (g oil/g cell)

k i :

Substrate inhibition coefficient (g/L)

m s :

Biomass maintenance coefficient (g/g h)

R 2 :

Coefficient of determination (dimensionless)

NRMS:

Non-normalized root mean square (dimensionless)

N :

Number of measurements

\({q}_{\text{cal}}\) :

Calculated value of a variable from the model (g/L)

\({q}_{\text{exp}}\) :

Experimental value of a variable (g/L)

\({\stackrel{\mathrm{-}}{{q}}}_{\text{exp}}\) :

Average of all the experimental values of a variable (g/L)

CN:

Cetane number

HHV:

High heating value

KV:

Kinematic viscosity

D:

Density

SV:

Saponification value

IV:

Iodine value

β 0 :

Intercept coefficients of quadratic equation

β i :

Linear coefficients of quadratic equation

β ij :

Interaction coefficients of quadratic equation

β ii :

Squared coefficient of the quadratic equation

µ :

The specific growth rate (h−1)

µ max :

The maximum specific growth rate (h−1)

α :

Growth-associated coefficient for the Luedeking-Piret (g/g)

β :

Non-growth associated coefficient for the Luedeking-Piret (g/g h)

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT) annual government statement of expenditure in 2017 (Grant No. 349185) for financial support.

Funding

The research was supported by the Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT) annual government statement of expenditure in 2017 (Grant No. 349185).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi, 12110, Pathum Thani, Thailand

    Chutima Rakkitkanphun, Jantima Teeka, Dolnapa Kaewpa & Atsadawut Areesirisuk

  2. Center of Excellence in Nano-Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi, 12110, Pathum Thani, Thailand

    Jantima Teeka, Dolnapa Kaewpa & Atsadawut Areesirisuk

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  1. Chutima Rakkitkanphun
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Contributions

Atsadawut Areesirisuk and Jantima Teeka contributed to the study conception and design. Chutima Rakkitkanphun and Atsadawut Areesirisuk performed material preparation, data collection and analysis, and writing the first draft of the manuscript. Dolnapa Kaewpa performed data analysis. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. Atsadawut Areesirisuk read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Atsadawut Areesirisuk.

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Rakkitkanphun, C., Teeka, J., Kaewpa, D. et al. Purification of biodiesel-derived crude glycerol by acidification to be used as a carbon source for microbial oil production by oleaginous yeast Pseudozyma parantarctica CHC28. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 15381–15391 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01600-z

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