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Cacao pod husk for citric acid production under solid state fermentation using response surface method

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Abstract

Indonesia is one of the biggest cocoa producers in the world with total production 240,000 tons by 2019. Meanwhile, we have about 400,000 tons cocoa pod husk (CPH). CPH biomass is a serious problem in Indonesia, but at the same time, it is also an important, challenging, and environmental renewable source for bioproduction. Therefore, it becomes a focus of interest in this research aiming to utilize of CPH as renewable substrate for citric acid production. The solid-state fermentation (SSF) approach was applied to CPH using Aspergillus niger Tiegh F359 for produce citric acid. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the citric acid production with water concentration, nitrogen concentration, and fermentation time as variable factors. Around 7530 ppm citric acid was produced from 1 g CPH as a carbon source. Entirely, this study has succeeded in optimizing citric acid production by using SSF using A. niger Tiegh F359 and providing a fundamental study for CPH as low-cost renewable substrate for bioproduct production and future endeavors.

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Funding

This research was supported by Ministry of Research and Technology of Republic Indonesia in 2019.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia

    Urip Perwitasari, Radityo Pangestu, Siti Amanah, Hendra Saputra, Ade Andriani,  Fahrurrozi, Ario Betha Juanssilfero, Ahmad Thontowi &  Yopi

  2. Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang, 65145, Indonesia

    Nursita Tria Agustina & Tri Dewanti Widyaningsih

  3. Indonesian Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioindustry, Jl. Taman Kencana No. 1, Bogor, 16128, Indonesia

    Deden Dewantara Eris

  4. Study Program of Livestock Product Processing Technology, Politeknik Negeri Banyuwangi, JL Raya Jember - Banyuwangi Km. 13, Banyuwangi, 68461, Indonesia

    Maghfirotul Amaniyah

  5. Research Center and Human Resource Development, Standardization Agency of Indonesia, Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia

    Yopi

  6. PT Andalan Furnindo, Kawasan Industri Dan Pergudangan, Jl. Marunda Makmur, Sagara Makmur, Kec. Tarumajaya, Bekasi, West Java, 17211, Indonesia

    Muhammad Sidiq Habibi

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  1. Urip Perwitasari
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Correspondence to Urip Perwitasari.

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Perwitasari, U., Agustina, N.T., Pangestu, R. et al. Cacao pod husk for citric acid production under solid state fermentation using response surface method. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 7165–7173 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01690-9

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