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Reduced-order thermal behavior of universal motor-driven domestic food mixers/grinders using AC and DC supplies

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Abstract

This paper presents an improvement in the thermal performance of universal motor, which improves the efficiency and increases the life of the motor. Excessive heating in the winding can lead to an insulation failure of a universal motor and reduce the life of a food mixer. Hence, to avoid hot spots in machine parts and obtain a homogenous temperature distribution, it is necessary to take the thermal limits into consideration. To monitor temperature increase, a lumped parameter thermal model is designed with 12 nodes for a food mixer driven by a universal motor. This paper proposes a reduced-order thermal model for a universal motor used in food mixers to monitor its thermal behavior. In this paper, a 12th-order model is reduced to a 5th-order model using a balanced truncation reduction method. The reduced-order model is validated through simulation and experimental results by comparing its response with a full-order model. A thermal analysis is carried out using AC and DC supplies along with experimentation. It can be seen that when the universal motor is operated with a DC supply, its thermal performance is improved, which increases the life of the machine. This results in energy savings, since the efficiency of the universal motor is increased when it is operated using the DC supply.

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Abbreviations

\(V\) :

Supply voltage (V)

\(i:\) :

Current (A)

R a :

Armature resistance (Ω)

R f :

Field resistance (Ω)

L a :

Armature inductance (H)

L f :

Field inductance (H)

L af :

Mutual inductance (H)

w :

Angular velocity (rad/s)

T e :

Electromagnetic torque (N m)

T l :

Load torque (N m)

B :

Frictional coefficient (N ms)

J :

Moment of inertia (N s2/rad)

P hx :

Stator and rotor hysteresis loss (W)

P cux :

Stator and rotor copper loss (W)

K hx :

Stator and rotor hysteresis loss

f :

Supply frequency (Hz)

P ex :

Stator and rotor eddy current loss (W)

K ex :

Stator and rotor eddy current loss constant

P b :

Brush friction and windage loss (W)

k b :

Brush friction and windage loss constant

C i :

Thermal capacitance of node i (J/°K)

θ i :

Temperature of node i (°C)

P i :

Heat generation due to the losses at node i (W)

G ji :

Thermal conductance between nodes (W/°K)

T :

Ambient temperature (°C)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, India

    A. Mercy, B. Umamaheswari & K. Latha

Authors
  1. A. Mercy
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  2. B. Umamaheswari
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  3. K. Latha
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Mercy.

Appendix

Appendix

  1. 1.

    Housing: R1 is the single convective thermal resistance between the housing and the surrounding; R2 and R3 are the contact thermal resistances between the housing and the drive-end end-cap and non-drive-end end-cap, respectively.

  2. 2.

    The airgap between the housing and the stator core: R4 and R5 are the convective thermal resistances from the airgap between the housing and the stator core to the ambient and the stator core, respectively.

  3. 3.

    Drive-end end-cap: R6 is the contact thermal resistance from the drive-end end-cap to the stator core.

  4. 4.

    Non-drive-endend-cap: R7 is the contact thermal resistance from the non-drive-end end-cap to the stator core.

  5. 5.

    Stator iron core: R8 and R9 are the radial thermal resistances between the stator core to the teeth and stator winding, respectively; R10 and R11 are the axial thermal resistances between the stator core to the drive-end end-cap and non-drive-end end-cap air, respectively; and R12i is the interconnecting thermal resistance of the stator core.

  6. 6.

    Stator teeth: R13 and R14 are radial thermal resistance from the teeth to stator core and airgap, respectively; R15 is the axial thermal resistance between the teeth and the drive-end end-cap air; R16 is the radial thermal resistance between the teeth and the winding; and R17i is the interconnecting resistance of the stator teeth.

  7. 7.

    Stator winding: R18 and R19 are the radial thermal resistances from the stator winding to the stator iron core and teeth, respectively; R20 is the axial thermal resistance between the stator winding and the end winding; and R21 is the radial thermal resistance between the stator winding and the airgap.

  8. 8.

    Airgap: R22, R23, and R24 are the radial thermal resistances from the airgap to the stator teeth, winding, and rotor winding, respectively.

  9. 9.

    End winding: R25 is the radial thermal resistance from the end winding to the stator winding; and R26 is the radial thermal resistance between the stator end winding and the drive-end end-cap air.

  10. 10.

    Drive-end end-cap air: R27, R28, R29, R30, and R31 are the radial thermal resistances from the drive-end end-cap to the stator core, teeth, end winding, rotor core, and rotor winding due to convection, respectively.

  11. 11.

    Non-drive-end end-cap air: R32 and R33 are the radial thermal resistances from the non-drive-end end-cap to the stator core and brushes due to convection, respectively.

  12. 12.

    Rotor winding: R34 and R35 are the radial thermal resistances from the rotor winding to the airgap and rotor core, respectively. R36 and R37 are the axial thermal resistances from the rotor winding to the commutator and drive-end-cap air, respectively. R38i is the interconnecting thermal resistance of the rotor winding.

  13. 13.

    Rotor core: R39 and R40 are the radial thermal resistances from the rotor core to the rotor winding and shaft, respectively; R41 is the axial thermal resistance from the rotor core to the drive-end-cap air; and R42i is the interconnecting resistance of the rotor core.

  14. 14.

    Commutator: R43 is the axial thermal resistance from the commutator to the rotor winding; R44 and R45 are the radial thermal resistances from the commutator to the brushes and shaft, respectively; and R46i is the radial interconnecting thermal resistance of the commutator.

  15. 15.

    Brush: R47 is the radial thermal resistances from the brushes to the commutator; R48 is the axial thermal resistance from the brushes to the non-drive-end end-cap air.

  16. 16.

    Shaft: R49 and R50 are the radial thermal resistances from the shaft to the rotor core and commutator, respectively.

C1–C8 are the thermal capacitances connected to the corresponding nodes that determine the thermal storage. The nodes suffixed with ‘a’ are the prime nodes representing the central nodes in Fig. 7.

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Mercy, A., Umamaheswari, B. & Latha, K. Reduced-order thermal behavior of universal motor-driven domestic food mixers/grinders using AC and DC supplies. J. Power Electron. 21, 1322–1332 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43236-021-00268-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43236-021-00268-y

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