Abstract
We propose a novel scheme of quantum parallel teleportation for arbitrary unknown multi-qudit states under the principal of flow split. With the assistance of the central server and the pre-shared entanglement distributed between the intermediate nodes in each path, any arbitrary unknown multi-qudit state can be successfully restored by the final receiver via parallel transmission through various paths. Due to parallel teleportation with distinct paths, this quantum network teleportation can resist network congestion. In addition, only two-qudit measurements are required by the intermediate nodes and the sender node and only one-qudit unitary operation is required by the destination node which reduces the technical requirements of network nodes and makes our protocol more practical and flexible. The analysis also demonstrates that our propose scheme can achieve a good performance in terms of communication cost and time delay. Finally, the unknown states of multiple qudits with hybrid dimensions could be teleported via quantum channels with different dimensions.
Graphic abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability Statement
This manuscript has data included as electronic supplementary material. The online version of this article contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
References
Y.L. Zhang, Y.N. Wang, X.R. Xiao et al., Quantum network teleportation for quantum information distribution and concentration. Phys. Rev. A 87, 022302-1-022302–6 (2013)
Z.Z. Li, G. Xu, X.B. Chen et al., Multi-user quantum wireless network communication based on multi-qudit GHZ state. IEEE Commun. Lett. 20, 2470–2473 (2016)
R.V. Meter, Quantum networking and internetworking. IEEE Netw. 26, 59–64 (2012)
R.V. Meter, S.J. Devitt, The path to scalable distributed quantum computing. IEEE Comput. Soc. 49, 31–42 (2016)
P.Y. Xiong, X.T. Yu, Z.C. Zhang et al., Routing protocol for wireless quantum multi-hop mesh backbone network based on partially entangled GHZ state. Frontiers Phys. 12, 187–196 (2017)
Y.H. Chou, G.J. Zeng, F.J. Lin et al., Quantum secure communication network protocol with entangled photons for mobile communications. Mobile Netw. Appl. 19, 121–130 (2014)
D. Alanis, P. Botsinis, S.X. Ng et al., Quantum-assisted routing optimization for self-organizing networks. IEEE Access 2, 614–632 (2014)
J. Bouda, V. Buzek, Entanglement swapping between multiqudit systems. J. Phys. A General Phys. 34, 4301–4311 (2001)
S. Hassanpour, M. Houshmand, Bidirectional quantum teleportation via entanglement swapping. Electrical Engineering. IEEE 501–503 (2015)
L. Hardy, D.D. Song, Entanglement-swapping chains for general pure states. Phys. Rev. A 62, 2315-1-2315–7 (2000)
B. Zhang, X. Liu, J. Wang et al., Quantum teleportation of a three-qubit state using a four-qubit entangled state. Int. Conf. Comput. 53, 4079–4082 (2015)
X.T. Yu, Z.C. Zhang, J. Xu, Distributed wireless quantum communication networks with partially entangled pairs. Chin. Phys. B 22, 66–73 (2014)
L.H. Shi, X.T. Yu, X.F. Cai, Y.X. Gong, Z.C. Zhang, Quantum information transmission in the quantum wireless multihop network based on Werner state. Chin. Phys. B 24, 247–251 (2015)
X.F. Cai, X.T. Yu, L.H. Shi, Z.C. Zhang, Partially entangled states bridge in quantum teleportation. Front. Phys 9, 646–651 (2014)
K. Wang, X.T. Yu, S.L. Lu, Y.X. Gong, Quantum wireless multihop communication based on arbitrary Bell pairs and teleportation. Phys. Rev. A 82, 022329-1-022329–10 (2014)
P.Y. Xiong, X.T. Yu, H.T. Zhan, Z.C. Zhang, Multiple teleportation via partially entangled GHZ state. Front. Phys 11, 1–8 (2016)
D. Saha, P. Panigrahi, N-qubit quantum teleportation, information splitting and superdense coding through the composite GHZ-Bell channel. Quantum Inf. Process 11, 615–628 (2011)
Z.Z. Zou, Z.T. Yu, Y.X. Gong et al., Multihop teleportation of two-qubit state via the composite GHZ-Bell channel. Phys. Lett. A 381, 76–81 (2016)
M.M. Cola, G.A. Paris Matteo, N. Piovella, Robust generation of entanglement in Bose-Einstein condensate by collective atomic recoil. Phys. Rev. A 70, 3809-1-3809–13 (2004)
S. Akibue, M. Murao, Network coding for distributed quantum computation over cluster and butterfly networks. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 62, 1–1 (2016)
Q. Li, D.Y. Long, W.H. Chan, D.W. Qiu, Sharing a quantum secret without a trusted party. Quantum Inf. Process 10, 97–106 (2011)
J. Wallnöfer, M. Zwerger, C. Muschik, N. Sangouard, W. Dür, Two-dimensional quantum repeaters. Phys. Rev. A 94, 052307 (2016)
S.E. Vinay, P. Kok, Practical repeaters for ultralongdistance quantum communication. Phys. Rev. A 95, 052336 (2017)
J.F. Li, J.M. Liu, X.Y. Xu, Deterministic joint remote preparation of an arbitrary two-qubit state in noisy environments. Quant. Inf. Process. 14, 3465 (2015)
X. Gao, Z. Zhang, Y. Gong, B. Sheng, X. Yu, Teleportation of entanglement using a three-particle entangled w state. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, Opt. Phys 34, 142 (2017)
H.M. Oubei, R.T. EIAfandy, K.H. Park, M.S. Alouini, B.S. Ooi, Performance evaluation of underwater wireless optical communications links in the presence of different air bubble populations. IEEE Photonics J. 9, 1–9 (2017)
S. Li, S. Zhao, X. Wang et al., Adaptive and secure loadbalancing routing protocol for service-oriented wireless sensor networks. IEEE Syst. J. 8, 858–867 (2014)
O. Nevzorova, T. Vavenko, F.A. Arif, Hierarchical method of load-balancing routing in MPLS network, In Scientific Practical Conference Problems of Info communications, 434-438 (Oct. 2017 4th International)
L. Hong, O.A. Mehmet, X. Jing-Hua, P. Josef, X. Li-Yin, Dynamic (2, 3) threshold quantum secret sharing of secure direct communication. Commun. Theor. Phys 63, 459–465 (2015)
C.P. Yang, S.Y. Han, A scheme for the teleportation of multi qubit quantum information via the control of many agents in a network. Phys. Lett. A 343, 267–273 (2005)
R. Van Meter, Joe Touch, Designing quantum repeater networks. IEEE Commun. 51, 64–71 (2013)
M. Jiang, H. Li, Z.K. Zhang, J. Zeng, Faithful teleportation of multi-particle states involving multi spatially remote agents via probabilistic channels. Physica A: Stat. Mech. Its Appl. 390, 760–768 (2011)
Y.L. Wang, D.Y. Dong, I.R. Petersen, H. Yonezawa, P. Cappellaro, Quantum hamiltonian identifiability via a similarity transformation approach and beyond. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 65, 12 (2020)
D. Dong, C. Chen, T.J. Tarn, A. Pechen, H. Rabitz, Incoherent control of quantum systems with wave function controllable subspaces via quantum reinforcement learning. IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern., Part B: Cybern 38, 957–962 (2008)
R.B. Wu, H. Rabitz, Control landscapes for open system quantum operations. J. Phys. A, Math. Theor 45, 485303 (2012)
S. Cong, F. Yang, Control of quantum states in decoherencefree subspaces. J. Phys. A, Math. Theory 46, 075305 (2013)
B. Qi, H. Pan, L. Guo, Further results on stabilizing control of quantum systems. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 58, 1349–1354 (2013)
H. Rabitz, Optimal control of quantum systems: origins of inherent robustness to control field fluctuations. Phys. Rev. A 66, 063405063405 (2002)
Y. Wang, D. Dong, B. Qi, J. Zhang, I.R. Petersen, H. Yonezawa, A quantum Hamiltonian identification algorithm: computational complexity and error analysis. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 63, 1388–1403 (2018)
D. Dong, X. Xing, H. Ma, C. Chen, Z. Liu, H. Rabitz, Learning-based quantum robust control: algorithm, applications, and experiments. IEEE Trans. Cybern. 50, 3581–3593 (2020)
J. Li, D. Dong, Z. Wei, Y. Liu, Y. Pan, F. Nori, X. Zhang, Quantum reinforcement learning during human decisionmaking. Nature Human Behaviour 4, 294–307 (2020)
C.C. Shu, Y. Guo, K.J. Yuan, D. Dong, A.D. Bandrau, second all-optical control and visualization of quantum interference between degenerate magnetic states by circularly polarized pulses. Opt. Lett. 45, 960963 (2020)
R.B. Wu, H. Ding, D. Dong, X. Wang, Learning robust and high-precision quantum controls. Phys. Rev. A 99, 042327-1-042327–6 (2019)
S. Xue, R. Wu, M. Shan, D. Li, M. Jiang, Gradient algorithm for Hamiltonian identification of open quantum systems. Phys. Rev. A 103(02), 022604 (2021)
S. Xue, L. Tan, R. Wu, M. Jiang, I.R. Petersen, Inversesystem method for identification of damping rate functions in non-Markovian quantum systems. Phys. Rev. A 102(04), 042227 (2020)
Acknowledgements
This work was supported in part by the Tang Scholar Project of Soochow University, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, under Grant 61873162 and in part by the Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education, China, under Grant Scip201804.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
W.-y. Zhen, H.-y. Li and S.-b. Xue conceived the project. Q. Liu and M. Jiang performed the calculation and analysis. Q. Liu and M. Jiang wrote and revised the paper.
Corresponding author
Additional information
This manuscript has data included as electronic supplementary material. The online version of this article contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, Q., Wei, Y., Li, H. et al. Quantum parallel teleportation of multi-qudit state via different paths. Eur. Phys. J. D 75, 198 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/s10053-021-00210-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/s10053-021-00210-8