Abstract
In this study, field measurements of the earth pressures and the main reinforcement strains were carried out at three shield tunnel linings in mud stratum reinforced by vertical jet-grouted piles during tunnel construction and post-construction. The measured strains were used to back-calculate the linings’ internal forces. The measured earth pressures and the back-calculated internal forces were compared to corresponding design values. The results indicate that the earth pressure and the internal forces increased rapidly, before exhibiting a fluctuating decrease and finally a long-term slow change, after lining assembly. The vertical jet-grouted piles were beneficial to mobilise the soil arching effect and led to the real earth pressure on the lining significantly smaller than the full overburden pressure, even with a relatively shallow buried depth. The vertical jet-grouted piles intensified the influence of backfill grouting on the earth pressure and caused the lining segments near the backfill grouting holes to continuously bear more radial pressure in the long-term. The resultant internal forces during lining assembly were large, and the Conventional Model failed to consider this element of the internal forces. The findings can provide a reference for the design and the construction of similar projects.
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Abbreviations
- A :
-
Cross-sectional area of segment
- a 1 :
-
Thickness of the concrete cover to inner main reinforcement
- a 2 :
-
Thickness of the concrete cover to outer main reinforcement
- A s1 :
-
Total cross-sectional area of inner mian reinforcements
- A s2 :
-
Total cross-sectional area of outer mian reinforcements C = Cohesion
- d :
-
Thickness of segment
- d 0 :
-
Tunnel outer diameter
- e :
-
Void ratio
- E c :
-
Elastic modulus of concrete
- E s :
-
Elastic modulus of reinforcement
- E s1–2 :
-
Modulus of compressibility tested at consolidation pressure of 100–200 kPa
- f k :
-
Characteristic value of bearing capacity
- H :
-
Soil layer thickness
- h :
-
Tunnel burial depth
- I L :
-
Liquidity index
- I P :
-
Plasticity index
- k :
-
Permeability coefficient
- k s :
-
Coefficient of soil reaction
- M :
-
Bending moment of segment
- N :
-
Hoop force of segment
- P :
-
Resultant concrete force on segment cross section
- P c :
-
Theoretical earth pressure
- P m :
-
Measured earth pressure
- w :
-
Water content
- γ :
-
Soil unit weight
- ε c1 :
-
Concrete strain at the position of inner main reinforcement
- ε c2 :
-
Concrete strain at the position of outer main reinforcement
- ε s1 :
-
Strain of inner main reinforcement
- ε s2 :
-
Strain of outer main reinforcement
- λ :
-
Coefficient of lateral earth pressure
- σ v :
-
Vertical earth pressure
- φ :
-
Angle of internal friction
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The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 51808405).
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Jiang, H., Zhou, S., Di, H. et al. Earth Pressure and Internal Forces of Tunnel Lining in Jet Grouting Reinforced Mud Stratum. KSCE J Civ Eng 25, 4005–4017 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-021-2014-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-021-2014-5