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Heterosis for Biomass-Related Traits in Interspecific Triploid Hybrids of Willow (Salix spp.)

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Abstract

Species hybridization is key for the improvement of shrub willow (Salix spp.) bioenergy crops because hybrids often display heterosis for yield. The development of high-yielding genotypes requires numerous broad attempts at hybridization followed by field evaluation and selection for stable performance. Selection of improved shrub willow varieties for use as a bioenergy crop involves evaluation of full-sib progeny in family-based selection trials. Improving the accuracy of evaluation through the use of components of yield would greatly improve the efficiency of selection. Heterosis for biomass yield in intra- and interspecific F1 and F2 shrub willow crosses, made between Salix sections and ploidy, was examined by utilizing a suite of morphological, physiological, and chemical composition traits collected over the course of 12 weeks in the greenhouse and over 3 years in the field. Triploid families generated from diploid S. viminalis and tetraploid S. miyabeana displayed the greatest levels of heterosis for harvestable biomass and biomass-related growth traits in the greenhouse and in the field. While intraspecific S. purpurea diploids exhibited low levels of heterosis for these traits, interspecific diploids produced moderate levels of heterosis in greenhouse experiments. Differences between greenhouse and field trial results can largely be explained by pest damage, which negatively impacted interspecific diploids. Heterosis for the traits that form the basis for biomass yield, including stem growth, foliar, and physiological traits, was quantified, and family-level differences are discussed.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (grant no. DE-SC0008375) and the US Department of Agriculture National Institute for Food and Agriculture (grant no. 2018-68005-27925). We are grateful to Smart Lab members Curt Carter, Lauren Carlson, and Dawn Fishback for their excellent technical assistance and to Fred Gouker and Eric Fabio for assistance with harvesting and processing plants.

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  1. Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 630 West North St., Geneva, NY, 14456, USA

    Craig H. Carlson & Lawrence B. Smart

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Carlson, C.H., Smart, L.B. Heterosis for Biomass-Related Traits in Interspecific Triploid Hybrids of Willow (Salix spp.). Bioenerg. Res. 15, 1042–1056 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-021-10305-0

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