Abstract
Objectives
In this study, genome sequencing and metabolic analysis were used to identify and verify the key metabolic pathways for glucose and xylose utilization and fatty acid synthesis in the walnut endophytic bacterium (WEB) Bacillus subtilis HB1310.
Results
The genome sequence of WEB HB1310 was generated with a size of 4.1 Mb and GC content of 43.5%. Genome annotation indicated that the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas, pentose phosphate, and fatty acid synthesis pathways were mainly involved in mixed sugar utilization and lipid production. In particular, diverse and abundant fatty acid synthesis genes were observed in a higher number than in other Bacillus strains. The tricarboxylic acid cycle competitively shared the carbon flux flowing before 48 h, and the acetic acid fermentation competed after 72 h. Moreover, fatty acid synthase activity was highly correlated with lipid titer with a correlation coefficient of 0.9626, and NADPH might be more utilized for the lipid synthesis within 48 h.
Conclusions
This study is the first attempt to explain the metabolic mechanism of mixed sugar utilization and lipid production based on genomic information, which provides a theoretical basis for the metabolic regulation of bacterial lipid production from lignocellulosic hydrolysates.
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Abbreviations
- EMP:
-
Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas
- PPP:
-
Pentose phosphate
- TCA:
-
Tricarboxylic acid
- FAS:
-
Fatty acid synthase
- EPA:
-
Eicosapentaenoic acid
- COG:
-
Cluster of Orthologous Groups of proteins
- GO:
-
Gene ontology
- KO:
-
KEGG ontology
- KEGG:
-
Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes
- PKSs:
-
Polyketide synthases
- G6P:
-
Glucose-6-phosphate
- G6PA:
-
Glucose-6-phosphate acid
- X5P:
-
Xylulose 5-phosphate
- G3P:
-
3-Phosphoglyceric acid
- ACP:
-
Acyl carrier protein
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Supporting information
Supplementary Table 1—Genome information of the reference strains for comparative genomics analysis. Supplementary Fig. 1—COG function classification of the WEB HB1310 genome. Supplementary Fig. 2—GO function classification of the WEB HB1310 genome. Supplementary Fig. 3—EMP and PPP pathways based on genome alignment in KEGG database. Supplementary Fig. 4—Fatty acids biosynthesis and metabolism pathway based on genome alignment in KEGG database.
Funding
The work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No: 21666034), and the Top Young and Middle-aged Talents Program of Anhui Polytechnic University in China (Project No: S022019014).
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QZ designed the experiments, handled the data, and drafted the manuscript. PL performed the genome annotation and flux analysis. YL and HJ carried out the fermentation experiments and detected the key node metabolites and enzyme activities. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Zhang, Q., Liu, P., Li, Y. et al. Metabolic pathway analysis of walnut endophytic bacterium Bacillus subtilis HB1310 related to lipid production from fermentation of cotton stalk hydrolysate based on genome sequencing. Biotechnol Lett 43, 1883–1894 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-021-03160-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-021-03160-8