Abstract
This paper proposes a new method that guides humans through an exhibition corridor using a mobile robot mounted with a projector. Conventional guidance delivered by mobile robots is problematic because the robot cannot move when people gather round; alternatively, people may leave the robot and stray from the guidance route. In such cases, the robot must instruct people to move by a vocal or display message such as “please make way.” or “please come here.” Such repeated explicit instructions are uncomfortable to humans. This paper proposes a natural guidance method through a combination of both robotic and projected image movements. The proposed method supposes that human movements are affected not only by the position of the robot but also by the position of the projected image. The proposed method can control the robot and the guided person independently; that is, the robot can move while the guided person remains fixed, or the robot can remain fixed while guiding the person closer. To evaluate the method, the movements of individual 40 participants were monitored under four kinds of guiding behaviors. In these experiments, the proposed method guided each person’s positions without issuing explicit instructions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Burgard W, Cremers AB, Fox D, Hähnel D, Lakemeyer G, Schulz D, Steiner W, Thrun S (1998) The interactive museum tour-guide robot. In: Proceedings of the 15th national conference on innovative applications of artificial intelligence (AAAI), pp 11–18
Thrun S, Bennewitz M, Burgard W, Cremers A, Dellaert F, Fox D, Hahnel D, Rosenberg C, Roy N, Schulte J, Schulz D (1999) MINERVA: a second-generation museum tour-guide robot. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on robotics and automation (ICRA), pp 1999–2005
Shiomi M, Sakamoto D, Kanda T, Ishi CT, Ishiguro H, Hagita N (2008) A semi-autonomous communication robot: a field trial at a train station. In: Proceedings of the 32nd ACM/IEEE international conference on human-robot interaction (HRI), pp 303–310
Yamazaki A, Yamazaki K, Kuno Y, Burdelski M, Kawashima M, Kuzuoka H (2008) Precision timing in human-robot interaction: coordination of head movement and utterance. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems, pp 131–140
Takahashi M, Suzuki T, Cinquegrani F, Sorbello R, Pagello E (2009) A mobile robot for transport applications in hospital domain with safe human detection algorithm. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on robotics and biomimetics (ROBIO) pp 1543–1548
Murai R, Sakai T, Kawano H, Matsukawa Y, Kitano Y, Honda Y, Campbell KC (2012) A novel visible light communication system for enhanced control of autonomous delivery robots in a hospital. IEEE/SICE Int Symp Syst Integr 3000:510–516
Triebel R et al (2016) SPENCER: a socially aware service robot for passenger guidance and help in busy airports. In: Wettergreen D, Barfoot T (eds) Springer tracts in advanced robotics, field and service robotics, vol 113. Springer, Berlin, pp 607–622
Colombo A, Fontanelli D, Gandhi D, Angeli DA, Palopoli L (2013) Behavioural templates improve robot motion planning with social force model in human environments. In: 2013 IEEE 18th conference on emerging technologies & factory automation (ETFA)
Ferrer G, Garrell A, Sanfeliu A (2013) Robot companion: A social-force based approach with human awareness-navigation in crowded environments. In: 2013 IEEE/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems, pp 1688–1694
Burgard W, Cremers AB, Fox D, Hähnel D, Lakemeyer G, Schulz D, Steiner W, Thrun S (1999) Experiences with an interactive museum tour-guide robot. Artif Intell 114(1–2):3–55
Rossi A, Garcia F, Maya CA, Dautenhahn K, Koay LK, Walters ML, Pandey AK (2019) Investigating the effects of social interactive behaviours of a robot on people’s trust during a navigation task. Towards autonomous robotic systems TAROS 2019 Lecture notes in computer science, vol 11649 Springer. Cham 11649:349–361
Loth S, Jettka K, Giuliani M, de Ruiter PJ (2015) Ghost-in-the-machine reveals human social signals for human-robot interaction. Front Psychol 6(1641):6
Kanda T, Shiomi M, Miyashita Z, Ishiguro H (2010) A communication robot in a shopping mall. IEEE Trans Robot 26(5):897–913
Akita S, Satake S, Shiomi M, Imai M, Kanda T (2018) Social coordination for looking-together situations. In: Proceedings of IEEE/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS), pp 834–841
Jiang C, Ni Z, Guo Y, He H (2016) Robot-assisted pedestrian regulation in an exit corridor. In: Proceedings of IEEE/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS), pp 815–822
Tachi S, Komoriya K (1985) Guide Dog Robot. In: Brady M (ed) Robotics research 2. MIT Press, Cambridge, pp 333–340
Tomatis N, Terrien G, Piguet R, Burnier D, Bouabdallah S, Arras K, Siegwart R (2003) Designing a secure and robust mobile interacting robot for the long term. In: Proceedings—IEEE international conference on robotics and automation (ICRA), pp 4246–4251
Gockley R, Forlizzi J, Simmons R (2006) Interactions with a moody robot. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI/SIGART conference on human-robot interaction (HRI), pp 186–193
Gross HM, Boehme HJ, Schroeter C, Mueller S, Koenig A, Martin C, Merten M, Bley A (2008) ShopBot: progress in developing an interactive mobile shopping assistant for everyday use. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on systems, man and cybernetics, pp 3471–3478
Kim G, Chung W, Kim Kr, Han S, Shim RH, Kim M (2004) The autonomous tour-guide robot Jinny. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS), pp 3450–3455
Bennewitz M, Faber F, Joho D, Schreiber M, Behnke S (2005) Towards a humanoid museum guide robot that interacts with multiple persons. In: Proceedings of the IEEE-RAS international conference on humanoid robots (Humanoids), pp 418–423
Das D, Rashed MG, Kobayashi Y, Kuno Y (2015) Supporting human-robot interaction based on the level of visual focus of attention. IEEE Trans Human-Mach Syst 45:664–675
Martinez-Garcia AE, Akihisa O, Yuta S (2005) Crowding and guiding groups of humans by teams of mobile robots. In: 2005 IEEE workshop on advanced robotics and its social impacts, pp 91–96
Garrell A, Sanfeliu A, Moreno-Noguer F (2009) Discrete time motion model for guiding people in urban areas using multiple robots. In: 2009 IEEE/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems, pp 486–491
Shiomi M, Kanda T, Glas DF, Satake S, Ishiguro H, Hagita N (2009) Field trial of networked social robots in a shopping mall. In: In 2009 IEEE/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems, pp 2846–2853
Lee J (2007) Human centered ubiquitous display in intelligent space. In: Proceedings of the annual conference of the IEEE industrial electronics society (IECON), pp 22–27
Shiotani T, Maegawa K, Iwamoto K, Lee J (2012) Building a behavior model for the Ubiquitous Display to be used in a large-scale public facility. In: Proceedings of the international conference on ubiquitous robots and ambient intelligence (URAI), pp 228–233
Donner M, Himstedt M, Hellbach S, Boehme HJ (2013) Awakening history : Preparing a museum tour guide robot for augmenting exhibits. In: Proceedings of the European conference on mobile robots (ECMR), pp 337–342
Tatsumoto K, Iwaki S, Ikeda T (2017) Tracking projection method for 3D space by a mobile robot with camera and projector based on a structured-environment approach. Artif Life Robot 22(1):90–101
Machino T, Iwaki S, Kawata H, Yanagihara Y, Nanjo Y, Shimokura K (2006) Remote-collaboration system using mobile robot with camera and projector. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on robotics and automation (ICRA), pp 4063–4068
Saegusa R (2017) Inclusive human-robot interaction for gait rehabilitation and wheel-chair exercises. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on robotics and biomimetics (ROBIO), pp 514–519
Matsumaru T (2008) Experimental examination in simulated interactive situation between people and mobile robot with preliminary-announcement and indication function of upcoming operation. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on robotics and automation (ICRA), pp 3487–3494
Coovert MD, Lee T, Shindev I, Sun Y (2014) Spatial augmented reality as a method for a mobile robot to communicate intended movement. Comput Hum Behav 34:241–248
Watanabe A, Ikeda T, Morales Y, Shinozawa K, Miyashita T, Hagita N (2015) Communicating robotic navigational intentions. In: Proceedings of IEEE/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS), pp 5763–5769
Tamai A, Ikeda T, Iwaki S (2019) A Method for Guiding a Person Combining Robot Movement and Projection. In: Proceedings of IEEE/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS), pp 1265–1270
Okada M, Ando T (2011) Optimization of personal distribution for evacuation guidance based on vector field. In: Proceedings of IEEE/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS), pp 3673–3678
Tang B, Jiang C, He H, Guo Y (2016) Human mobility modeling for robot-assisted evacuation in complex indoor environments. IEEE Trans Human-Mach Syst 46(5):694–707
Misyak JB, Melkonyan T, Zeitoun H, Chater N (2014) Unwritten rules: virtual bargaining underpins social interaction, culture, and society. Trends Cogn Sci 18(10):512–519
Thrun S, Burgard W, Fox D (2005) Probabilistic robotics. MIT Press, Cambridg
Pacchierotti E, Christensen H, Jensfelt P (2006) Evaluation of Passing Distance for Social Robots. In: Proceedings international workshop on robot and human interactive commun. (RO-MAN), pp 315–320
Yamaoka F, Kanda T (2010) A model of proximity control for information-presenting robots. IEEE Trans Robot 26(1):187–195
Iio T, Satake S, Kanda T, Hayashi K, Ferreri F, Hagita N (2019) Human-like guide robot that proactively explains exhibits. Int J Soc Robot 12:549–566
Rios-Martinez J, Spalanzani A, Laugier C (2015) From proxemics theory to socially-aware navigation: a survey. Int J Soc Robot 7(2):137–153
Hiroi Y, Ito A (2011) Influence of the size factor of a mobile robot moving toward a human on subjective acceptable distance. In: Gacovski Z (ed) Mobile robots - current trends. IntechOpen, London, pp 177–190
Shiomi M, Shinozawa K, Nakagawa Y, Miyashita T, Sakamoto T, Terakubo T, Ishiguro H, Hagita N (2013) Recommendation effects of a social robot for advertisement-use context in a shopping mall. Int J Soc Robot 5:251–262
Watanabe M, Ogawa K, Ishiguro H (2015) A multiple hypothesis people tracker for teams of mobile robots. In: CHI EA ’15: proceedings of the 33rd annual ACM conference extended abstracts on human factors in computing systems, pp 781–788
Shiomi M, Kanda T, Koizumi S, Ishiguro H, Hagita N (2007) Group attention control for communication robots with wizard of OZ approach. In: Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE international conference on human-robot interaction (HRI), pp 121–128
Garrell A, Sanfeliu A (2012) Cooperative social robots to accompany groups of people. Int J Robot Res 31(13):1675–1701
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This work was supported by Hiroshima City University Grant for Research Preparation.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tamai, A., Ono, S., Yoshida, T. et al. Guiding a Person Through Combined Robotic and Projection Movements. Int J of Soc Robotics 14, 515–528 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-021-00798-2
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-021-00798-2