Abstract
There are several proofs for the Liouville theorem and the small Picard theorem for harmonic functions on \(R^{n} ,n\ge 2,\) in scientific literature. This paper provides a new simple proof of these theorems using the criteria of normality of harmonic functions and constancy of continuous functions on \(R^{n} ,n\ge 2.\)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agard, S.: A geometric proof of Mostow’s rigidity theorem for groups of divergence type. Acta Math. 151, 231–252 (1983)
Ahlfors, V..L.: Complex Analysis: An Introduction to the Theory of Analytic Functions of One Complex Variable. McGraw-Hill, Inc (1979)
Axler, S., Bourdon, P., Ramey, W.: Harmonic Function Theory. Springer-Verlag, New York (2001)
Beardon, A.F.: The Geometry of Discrete Groups. Springer-Verlag, New York (1983)
Bergweiler, W.: Bloch’s principle. Comput. Methods Funct. Theory 6, 77–108 (2006)
Bisi, C., Winkelmann, J.: On Picard theorem over the quarternions. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. Ser. B 7, 106–117 (2020)
Gehring, F.W., Martin, G.J.: Discrete Quasiconformal Groups I. Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3), 55, 331–358 (1987)
Kendall W. S.: From stochastic parallel transport to harmonic maps. New directions in Dirichlet forms. AMS/IP Stud. Adv. Math. AMS, 8, 49–115 (1998)
Kolmogorov, A.N., Fomin, S.V.: Elementy teorii funktsiy i funktsional’nogo analiza. Fizmatlit (2019)
Martin, G.J.: On discrete Möbius groups in all dimension: a generalization of Jorgensen’s inequality. Acta Math. 163, 253–289 (1989)
Martin, G.: The Theory of Quasiconformal Mappings in Higher Dimensions, I arXiv: 1311.0899v1 [math.CV] 4 (2013)
Miniowitz, R.: Normal families of quasimeromorphic mappings. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 84(1), 35–43 (1982)
Montel, P.: Lecons sur les Familles Normales de Functons Analytiques et leurs applications. Gautnier-Villars, Paris (1927)
Nelson, E.: A Proof of Liouville’s Theorem. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 12/6, 995 (1961)
Papadimitraki, M.: Classical Potential Theory. University of Crete, Notes, Department of Mathematics (2004)
Pavićević, Ž: Normal Families. Theorems of Liouville and Picard and Bloch Principle, Mathematica Montisnigri 43, 5–9 (2018)
Pavićević, Ž., Šušić, J.: Fragments of Dynamic of Möbious Mappings and Some Applications. Part I, Mathematica Montisnigri v. XLVI, 31–48 (2019)
Petridis N. C.: A Generalization of The Little Theorem of Picard. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 61/2, 265–271 (1976)
Pinsky, R.G.: Positive Harmonic Functions and Diffusion. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2003)
Rickman, S.: Quasiregular Mappings. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg (1993)
Rickman, S.: On the number of omitted values of entire quasiregular mappings. J. Anal. Math. 37, 100–117 (1980)
Rickman, S.: The analogue of Picard’s theorem for quasiregular mappings in dimension three. Acta Math. 154(3–4), 195–242 (1985)
Schiff, L.J.: Normal Families. Springer, Berlin (1993)
Sychev A.V.: Modules and spatial quasiconformal mappings, Science. Sib. Department, 1983 (Sychev A.V., Moduli i prostranstvennyye kvazikonformnyye otobrazheniya, Nauka. Sib. otd-niye, 1983, 152)
Väisälä, J.: On normal quasiconformal functions. Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn. Ser. A. I. 266,(1959)
Vuorinen, M.: Conformal Geometry and Quasiregular Mappings. Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 1319. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (1988)
Zalcman, L.: A heuristic principle in complex function theory. Am. Math. Month. 82, 813–817 (1975)
Funding
This paper is supported by the Science Support Program at the University of Montenegro and the Program Competitiveness of NRNU MEPhI.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by H. Turgay Kaptanoglu.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This article is part of the topical collection “Harmonic Analysis and Operator Theory” edited by H. Turgay Kaptanoglu, Aurelian Gheondea and Serap Oztop.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pavićević, Ž., Andjić, M. New Proofs of Liouville’s Theorem and Little Picard’s Theorem for Harmonic Functions on \(R^{n} ,n\ge 2\). Complex Anal. Oper. Theory 15, 93 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11785-021-01138-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11785-021-01138-y
Keywords
- Harmonic functions
- Liouville’s theorem
- Little Picard theorem
- Normal families of functions
- Möbius mappings