Abstract
The relevance of the plasma cortisol response as primary stress marker in teleost fishes is well known. However, available data still refer to a low number of species, considering the huge diversity of teleosts. To improve the data base of the cortisol response in feral coastal marine teleosts, this study aimed at evaluating the response—survival and plasma cortisol, glucose, osmolality, chloride, and magnesium—of marine teleosts to the capture stress of trawling. Fish sampled were divided into three groups: dead after trawling, alive after trawling, and live fish which were kept for ~ 12 h in a tank after trawling (“overnight in tank”). Blood samples (224) of 36 species from 19 fish families have been assessed. A large variability in the cortisol response among species, within the three groups, was detected. The Brazilian silverside Atherinella brasiliensis was notable in showing essentially only very high values (> 1000 ng/mL). Some species always showed very low levels (nearly zero, e.g., most Scianidae species). Most species displayed a very broad range of values (10–1000 ng/mL), such as Eucinostomus argenteus. Inter-specific variability was also present in plasma glucose, osmolality, and ions. The response to trawling stress in wild coastal marine teleost fish species is thus extremely variable. Better knowledge about the diversity in the response of teleosts to stress contributes to fisheries management, aiming at sustainability.
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Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the financial support from CNPq and fisher’s logistical support during fieldwork. The immense help by Dr. Marcelo E. Borges in performing the multivariate analyses is greatly acknowledged. This study is part of the Doctoral Dissertation by Daliana Bordin, under the supervision of Carolina A. Freire, defended on March 11, 2020, in the Graduate Program of Zoology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR, Curitiba, Brazil), found at the link: https://acervodigital.ufpr.br/bitstream/handle/1884/67261/R%20-%20T%20-%20DALIANA%20BORDIN.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1. Authors are also very grateful to the three anonymous reviewers for their kind and very useful comments, which significantly contributed to the improvement of this manuscript.
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This work was supported by a PhD fellowship awarded to DB (141074/2016-7) and a Research Grant awarded to CAF (405206/2016-0), both from CNPq.
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DB obtained the fish with the fisher, sampled, identified, assayed all markers except for blood osmolality, in all the fish, analysed all data she generated, and wrote the complete first version of the manuscript; CAF supervised the study, had the original idea, assayed all samples for osmolality, intensely discussed the data with DB and revised the manuscript.
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This study involved monitoring artisanal fisheries in two subtropical regions, as well as sampling a blood aliquot from some of the animals caught. The study protocol was approved by the Animal and Federal Experimentation Ethics Committee University of Paraná, on the use of benzocaine and blood withdrawal from teleosts (certificate #1056/2017). Fisher provided their informed consent verbally for the collection of animal blood, as well as for research-related issues. The collection of blood samples was carried out by a marine biologist researcher who adhered to animal welfare regulations and guidelines and took the course on Animal Manipulation and Experimentation required by the Federal University of Paraná.
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Bordin, D., Freire, C.A. Remarkable variability in stress responses among subtropical coastal marine teleosts. Mar Biol 168, 122 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-021-03929-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-021-03929-5