Perception of Artificial Intelligence in Spain
Section snippets
Introduction.
In April 2018, the first European strategy for Artificial Intelligence (AI) was presented addressing opportunities and challenges of AI advances in the European Union (European Commission, 2018). The general idea is to promote the development and deployment of AI in the European Union countries but taking into account human and ethical implications of AI (von der Leyen, 2019).
The Commission’s White Paper (European Commission, 2020) expresses the many opportunities that AI can bring to Europe’s
Literature review
This section will cover previous literature related to what Artificial Intelligence is, the impact it has, as well as the perception of technological change linked to it.
Research methodology
This section contains the data that will be used for this study, as well as the methodology employed in this study. In the first part, the focus is on the data used, the data source and the description of the database. In the second part, the methodology used is explained.
Empirical results
This section presents the results of the binary logit and probit models of perception of Artificial Intelligence that have been developed. The estimated models explain the attitude (positive or negative) towards AI and robots of the respondents. Both binary regression models use as reference category that people have a positive attitude. Thus, the dependent variable was generated as a dummy variable that takes the value 1 if the attitude is positive or highly positive, and 0 otherwise.
Do not
Discussion
This paper analyses individuals' perception of AI in Spain and the factors associated with it. This is not the first time this topic has been analysed. Fast and Horvitz (2017) found that New Yorkers' perception of AI increased until 2009, but then changed. The main reason is that people are concerned about the negative impact of AI at work, and the loss of ethics and control of AI. In addition, they found that the perception of AI in healthcare and education for 30 years keeps growing. We
Conclusions
This paper analyses perception of AI of individuals in Spain and the factors associated with it. In short, to have the best attitude towards AI and robots, the individual must think that they are good for society (they help do jobs). The second point is to have a strong interest in scientific discoveries and technological developments. And finally, thinking that robots are really necessary for hard and dangerous jobs.
Conversely, a negative attitude will come from respondents who think that many
Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Acknowledgements
Funding: This work was supported by the private research project of Company MasMovil; the public research project of the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, and Competitiveness (MINECO), reference TEC2017-88048-C2-2-R; and Santander Financial Institute (SANFI) - UCEIF Foundation.
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