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Antibiotic resistance and biofilm synthesis genes in airborne Staphylococcus in commercial aircraft cabins

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Abstract

Passenger air transport is one of the main routes for the global spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria. This may be due to airborne pathogen transmission, which may occur within the commercial aircraft cabin. Because of this, we performed an investigation of aerial contamination by Staphylococcus species in 166 commercial aircraft and analyzed the presence of antibiotic resistance and biofilm synthesis genes in the collected isolates. Bacterial identification was performed by using species-specific primers and partial sequencing of 16S rRNA and tuf genes. The antibiotic resistance genes screened were: mecA, mecC, blaZ, ermA, ermB, ermC, and vanA. For biofilm synthesis, ica locus genes were screened. Fourteen species and four subspecies of Staphylococcus were detected in the analyzed samples. Except for mecC and vanA, all other genes were detected, including the mecA gene in Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates. Only S. epidermidis isolates were positive for biofilm formation. To date, this is the first study to report a significant diversity of airborne Staphylococcus and the presence of airborne methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the cabin environment in commercial aircraft. Our results point to the importance of indoor air quality monitoring in the cabin environment as a preventive measure for the airborne spread of clinically significant pathogens.

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Acknowledgements

This study was conducted with the support of the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA). We would like to thank immensely Mr. Rodolfo Navarro Nunes for the authorization granted to carry out this study, as well as coordinators Maria Nazaré Alves da Silva and Sonia Maria do Nascimento Oliveira for the partnership with the airlines in all the initial stages and in the execution of this research. Our thanks also go to sanitary inspectors Wellington Lyra and Maria Goretti for their follow-up during all air collections inside the aircraft. We would also like to thank Professor Nassib Bezerra Bueno immensely for his guidance in the statistical analyses carried out on the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Genetics Sector, Laboratory of Climatized Environments, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil

    Jean Phellipe Marques do Nascimento, Fernanda Lima Ferreira & Eurípedes Alves da Silva Filho

  2. Pharmacology Department, Pharmacology and Immunity Laboratory, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil

    Diogo Brandão

  3. Genetic and Molecular Biology Department, Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy Research Group, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil

    Mykaella Andrade de Araújo

  4. Histology and Embryology Department, Laboratory for in Vivo Toxicity, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil

    Lucas Anhezini

  5. Genetics Sector, Forensic DNA Laboratory, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil

    Luiz Antonio Ferreira da Silva

  6. Genetic and Applied Microbiology Laboratory and Climatized Environments Laboratory, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N - Tabuleiro Do Martins, Maceió, Alagoas, CEP 57072-900, Brazil

    Eurípedes Alves da Silva Filho

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EASF and JPMN took part in conception and design; JPMN, DB, MAA, and FLF involved in methodology and data analysis; JPMN and EASF participated in writing—original draft preparation; LA and LAF took part in writing—review and editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Eurípedes Alves da Silva Filho.

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do Nascimento, J.P.M., Brandão, D., Ferreira, F.L. et al. Antibiotic resistance and biofilm synthesis genes in airborne Staphylococcus in commercial aircraft cabins. Aerobiologia 37, 733–753 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-021-09714-7

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