Abstract
Wear of polyimide composite cage due to lubrication failure has a significant impact on the lifetime of bearing, but the related mechanisms are still far from understanding due to the complex movements of bearing parts, such as rolling, sliding et al. in the real operations. Here, the tribological behaviors of polyimide composite against steel ball were studied under a motion compounded with rolling and sliding in comparison with pure sliding. The rolling-sliding motion has a strong influence on the tribological properties of polyimide composite depending on lubrication conditions. Especially under PAO4 oil lubrication, the rolling-sliding motion can facilitate the degradation of polyimide composite, resulting in severe surface wear and aboundant black products forming. The analysis based on XPS and SEM measurements and the compared results from heating sliding test and thermal treatments indicates that the formation of black products is mainly attributed to the tribochemical reactions accompanying with the rupture of C–O and C = O bonds due to high frictional temperature. This process is further facilitated when the PAO4 oil and the metal from counterface participate in the tribochemical reactions.
Graphical Abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Wang, Y.Q., Li, J.: Sliding wear behavior and mechanism of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. Mat. Sci. Eng. A 266, 155–160 (1999)
Mens, J.W.M., Gee, A.W.J.D.: Friction and wear behaviour of 18 polymers in contact with steel in environments of air and water. Wear 149, 255–268 (2017)
Nosonovsky, M., Bhushan, B.: Green tribology: principles, research areas and challenges. Philos. Trans. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 368, 4677–4694 (2010)
Zhang, S.W.: Green tribology: fundamentals and future development. Friction 1, 186–194 (2013)
Chen, B., Zhang, M., Zhang, K., et al.: Mono-dispersed Ag nanoparticles decorated graphitic carbon nitride: an excellent lubricating additive as PPESK composite film. Friction (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-021-0487-3
Liu, Z., Chen, Y., Ding, W., Zhang, C.: Filling behavior, morphology evolution and crystallization behavior of microinjection molded poly(lactic acid)/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 122, 85–95 (2019)
Lu, Z., Si, L., Dang, W., et al.: Transparent and mechanically robust poly (para-phenylene terephthamide) PPTA nanopaper toward electrical insulation based on nanoscale fibrillated aramid-fibers. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 115, 321–330 (2018)
Wang, A., Müser, M.H.: Gauging persson theory on adhesion. Tribol. Lett. 65, 111 (2017)
Zhang, Y., Heo, Y.J., Son, Y.R., et al.: Recent advanced thermal interfacial materials: a review of conducting mechanisms and parameters of carbon materials. Carbon 142, 445–460 (2019)
Li, J.W., Ding, Y.Q., et al.: Lightweight and stiff carbon foams derived from rigid thermosetting polyimide foam with superior electromagnetic interference shielding performance. Carbon 158, 45–54 (2020)
Yu, M.C., Ruan, D.B., Liu, P.T., Chien, T.C., Sze, S.M.: High performance transparent a-IGZO thin film transistors with ALD-HfO2 gate insulator on colorless polyimide substrate. IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. 19, 481–485 (2020)
Zhang, Y., Chen, G.D., Wang, L.: Tribological properties of carbon fiber epoxy resin composite and polyimide material at high and low temperatures. Mater. Sci. Forum 975, 153–158 (2020)
Yeh, Y.I., Ueda, M., Hsu, C.H.: Alkaline-developable positive-type photosensitive polyimide with high mechanical strength and high resolution based on chain extendable poly (amic acid), thermally degradable cross-linker and photoacid generator. J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Phys. 58, 948–955 (2020)
Samyn, P., Baets, P.D., Vancraenenbroeck, F.: Verpoort, postmortem raman spectroscopy explaining friction and wear behavior of sintered polyimide at high temperature. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 15, 750–757 (2006)
Fusaro, R.L.: Tribological properties and thermal stability of various types of polyimide films. Tribol. Trans. 25, 465–477 (1982)
Fusaro, R.L.: Self-lubricating polymer composites and polymer transfer film lubrication for space applications. Tribol. Int. 23, 105–122 (1990)
Tanaka, K., Yamada, Y., Ueda, S.: Effect of temperature on the friction and wear of heat-resistant polymer-based composites. J. Synth. Lubr. 8, 281–294 (1992)
Chitsaz-Zadeh, M.R., Eiss, N.S.: Friction and wear of polyimide thin films. Wear 110, 359–368 (1986)
Zhao, G., Hussainova, I., Antonov, M., Wang, Q., Wang, T., Yung, D.L.: Effect of temperature on sliding and erosive wear of fiber reinforced polyimide hybrids. Tribol. Int. 82, 525–533 (2015)
Kumar, R., Malaval, B., Antonov, M., Zhao, G.: Performance of polyimide and PTFE based composites under sliding erosive and high stress abrasive conditions. Tribol. Int. 147, 106282 (2020)
Tanaka, K., Kawakami, S.: Effect of various fillers on the friction and wear of polytetrafluoroethylene-based composites. Wear 79, 221–234 (1982)
Lv, M., Zheng, F., Wang, Q., Wang, T., Liang, Y.: Friction and wear behaviors of carbon and aramid fibers reinforced polyimide composite in simulated space environment. Tribol. Int. 92, 246–254 (2015)
Shalwan, A., Yousif, B.F.: In state of art: mechanical and tribological behaviour of polymeric composites based on natural fibres. Mater. Design. 48, 14–24 (2013)
Palabiyik, M., Bahadur, S.: Tribological studies of polyamide 6 and high-density polyethylene blends filled with PTFE and copper oxide and reinforced with short glass fibers. Wear 253, 369–376 (2002)
Zhang, X.Z.: Sliding wear of polyetherimide matrix composites: I. Influence of short carbon fibre reinforcement. Wear 258, 776–782 (2005)
Bertrand, A., Carre, J.: Oil exchange between ball bearings and porous polyimide ball bearing retainers. Tribol. Trans. 40, 294–302 (1997)
Wang, J., Zhao, H., Huang, W., et al.: Investigation of porous polyimide lubricant retainers to improve the performance of rolling bearings under conditions of starved lubrication. Wear 380, 52–58 (2017)
Mian, A., Newaz, G., Georgiev, G., et al.: Performance of laser bonded glass/polyimide microjoints in cerebrospinal fluid. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 18, 417–427 (2007)
Meyer, J., Stieglitz, T., Scholz, O., et al.: High density interconnects and flexible hybrid assemblies for active biomedical implants. IEEE Trans. Adv. Packag. 24, 366–374 (2001)
Yang, P., Qu, S., Chang, Q., Guo, F.: On the theory of thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication at high slide-roll ratios—line contact solution. J. Tribol. 123, 137–144 (2001)
Östensen, J.O., Åström, H., HöGlund, E.: Analysis of a grease-lubricated roller bearing under arctic conditions. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part J 209, 213–220 (1995)
Paladugu, M., Lucas, D.R., Scott, H.R.: Effect of lubricants on bearing damage in rolling-sliding conditions: evolution of white etching cracks. Wear 398, 165–177 (2018)
Liao, N.T., Lin, J.F.: Rolling-sliding analysis in ball bearing considering thermal effect. Tribol. Trans. 49, 1–16 (2006)
Salleh, S.H., Omar, M.Z., Syarif, J., et al.: Investigation of microstructures and properties of 440C martensitic stainless steel. Int. J. Mech. Mater. Eng. 4, 123–126 (2009)
Ibrahim, O., Saduman, S., et al.: A mechanical aspect of borides formed on the AISI 440C stainless-steel. Vacuum 73, 643–648 (2004)
Choopani, Y., Razfar, M.R., Saraeian, P., et al.: Experimental investigation of external surface finishing of AISI 440C stainless steel cylinders using the magnetic abrasive finishing process. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 83, 1811–1821 (2016)
Galda, L., Pawlus, P., Sep, J.: Dimples shape and distribution effect on characteristics of Stribeck curve. Tribol. Int. 42, 1505–1512 (2009)
Jiang, Y., Xiao, C., Cheng, L., et al.: Temporary or permanent liquid superlubricity failure depending on shear-induced evolution of surface topography. Tribol. Int. 161, 107076 (2021)
Lu, X., Khonsari, M.M.: An experimental investigation of dimple effect on the stribeck curve of journal bearings. Tribol. Lett. 27, 169–176 (2007)
Persson, B.N.J., Scaraggi, M.: Lubricated sliding dynamics: flow factors and Stribeck curve. Eur. Phys. J. E 34, 1–22 (2011)
Chen, L., Wen, J., Zhang, P., Yu, B., Ma, T., Lu, X., Kim, S.H., Qian, L.: Nanomanufacturing of silicon surface with a single atomic layer precision via mechanochemical reactions. Nat. Commun. 9, 1542 (2018)
Wimmer, M.A., Fischer, A., Büscher, R., Pourzal, R., Sprecher, C., Hauert, R., Jacobs, J.J.: Wear mechanisms in metal-on-metal bearings: the importance of tribochemical reaction layers. J. Orthop. Res. 28, 436–443 (2010)
Hai, Z., Zhang, J., Ji, T., Yang, M., Min, C., Kou, K.: Investigation of tribological properties of PI/FEP laminated composites under dry sliding, water- and oil-lubricated conditions. Tribol. Lett. 45, 333–339 (2012)
Liu, Y., Chen, L., Jiang, B., et al.: Origin of low friction in hydrogenated diamond-like carbon films due to graphene nanoscroll formation depending on sliding mode: Unidirection and reciprocation. Carbon 173, 696–704 (2021)
Liu, Y., Yu, B., Cao, Z., Shi, P., Zhou, N., Zhang, B., Zhang, J., Qian, L.: Probing superlubricity stability of hydrogenated diamond-like carbon film by varying sliding velocity. Appl. Surf. Sci. 439, 976–982 (2018)
Girardeaux, C., Druet, E., Demoncy, P., Delamar, M.: The polyimide (PMDA/ODA)-titanium interface. Part 1. Untreated PMDA/ODA: an XPS, AES, AFM and Raman study. J. Electron Spectrosc. 70, 11–21 (1994)
Georgiev, D., Baird, R., Newaz, G., Auner, G., Witte, R., Herfurth, H.: An XPS study of laser-fabricated polyimide/titanium interfaces. Appl. Surf. Sci. 236, 71–76 (2004)
Hu, C.Z., Andrade, J.D., Dryden, P.: Structural determination of pyrolyzed PI-2525 polyimide thin films. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 35, 1149–1160 (1988)
Schulze, M., Bolwin, K., GuLzow, E., Schnurnberger, W.: XPS analysis of PTFE decomposition due to ionizing radiation. Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. 353, 778–784 (1995)
Pawde, S.M., Deshmukh, K.: Surface characterization of air plasma treated poly vinylidene fluoride and poly methyl methacrylate films. Polym. Eng. Sci. 49, 808–818 (2010)
Pelagade, S.M., Singh, N.L., Qureshi, A., Rane, R.S., Mukherjee, S., Deshpande, U.P., Ganesan, V., Shripathi, T.: Investigation of surface properties of Ar-plasma treated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 289, 34–38 (2012)
Jung, Y., Choi, J., Lee, W.: Spectroscopic investigation of magnetite surface for the reduction of hexavalent chromium. Chemosphere 68, 1968–1975 (2007)
Ma, J., Qi, X., Zhao, Y., Dong, Y., Song, L., Zhang, Q., Yang, Y.: Polyimide/mesoporous silica nanocomposites: characterization of mechanical and thermal properties and tribochemistry in dry sliding condition. Mater. Design 108, 538–550 (2016)
Hwang, J.S., Lee, J.M., Vishwanath, S.K., Kim, J.: Effects of H2 plasma treatment on the electrical properties of titanium-doped indium oxide films prepared by polymer-assisted deposition. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 33, 41402–41504 (2015)
Kloprogge, J.T., Duong, L.V., Wood, B.J., Frost, R.L.: XPS study of the major minerals in bauxite: gibbsite, bayerite and (pseudo-)boehmite. J. Colloid. Interf Sci. 296, 572–576 (2006)
Bader, N., Wang, D., Poll, G.: Traction and local temperatures measured in an elastohydrodynamic lubrication contact. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part J 23, 208–210 (2017)
Zhu, W.T., Guo, L.C., et al.: Wear and damage transitions of two kinds of wheel materials in the rolling-sliding contact. Wear 399, 79–89 (2018)
Poll, G., Wang, D.: Fluid rheology, traction/creep relationships and friction in machine elements with rolling contacts. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part J 226, 481–500 (2012)
Li, Z., Lu, Y., Zhang, C., Dong, J.: Traction behaviours of aviation lubricating oil and the effects on the dynamic and thermal characteristics of high-speed ball bearings. Ind. Lubr. Tribol. 72, 15–23 (2019)
Makino, T., Kawase, T.: Estimation of traction properties based on a nonlinear viscoelastic model. J. Tribol. 121, 286–293 (1999)
Samyn, P., Schoukens, G., Verpoort, F., Craenenbroeck, J.V., Baets, P.D.: Friction and wear mechanisms of sintered and thermoplastic polyimides under adhesive sliding. Macromol. Mater. Eng. 292, 523–556 (2010)
Chou, J.N.: Interfacial reaction during metallization of cured polyimide: an XPS study. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 2, 751–755 (1984)
Kalin, M., Viintin, J.: Comparison of different theoretical models for flash temperature calculation under fretting conditions. Tribol. Int. 34, 831–839 (2001)
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful for the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51875486) and Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2019YFH0098 and 2021YFSY0017).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jiang, Y., Chen, L., Xiao, C. et al. Friction and Wear Behaviors of Steel Ball Against Polyimide-PTFE Composite Under Rolling-Sliding Motion. Tribol Lett 69, 100 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-021-01476-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-021-01476-0