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Basin progress: active deformation analysis by tectonostratigraphic elements and geophysical methods on North Anatolian Fault System (Eastern Marmara Region, Turkey)

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Abstract

The Northern Branch of the North Anatolian Fault System controls and deforms the Izmit Basin and the Sapanca Lake Basin in the study area. Unlike the Sapanca Lake Basin, the oblique normal faults with WNW–ESE trending with maximum length of 5 km in the south of the basin have contributed to the deformation process in the formation of Izmit Basin. The fault sets mainly incline to the north. The N-S width of the dextral strike-slip active deformation was determined as 9 km at Izmit basin and 3.8 km at Sapanca Lake basin. Further, the minimum principal stress axes (σ3) vary in the trending ranges of N11°–74°E, which are caused by the transtensional stresses associated with strike-slip faulting in the Izmit Basin by a different tectonic source than the Sapanca Lake Basin. Besides, the crust depth of main strand of NAFS-NB was determined up to 1112 m by magnetic method. The secondary faults were determined by both magnetic and resistivity methods up to a depth of 110 m. The depression area between Izmit bay and Sapanca Lake on the northern Anatolian fault is an integrated basin with two dextral strike-slip tectonic origins. Thus, the Izmit Basin, along with the main strike-slip faulting, has been developed in the asymmetric negative flower structure, where only the southern boundary has become a fault. The Sapanca Lake Basin is a lazy-Z-shaped pull-apart system formed by the E–W trending fault as a releasing bend. A simple shear deformation ellipsoid with a long axis of approximately 35 km on the Northern Branch of the North Anatolian Fault System is defined for the Izmit–Sapanca integrated basin. Therefore, intra-basin deposits have different depths estimated from the gravity data in the Izmit–Sapanca integrated basin, and the maximum sediment thickness estimated is 2200 m in the middle of the Izmit Basin.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Kocaeli University, Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit, for funding the project with grant number of 2016/064. Also, a special thanks is extended to the Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality for providing the gravity data collected by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, Marmara Research Center for Earth and Marine Sciences in 2008. We would like to thank Prof. Dr. Ümit Yalçın Kalyoncuoğlu for providing the RES2DINV program used in the inversion of resistivity data. Unfortunately, Prof. Dr. Ümit Yalçın Kalyoncuoğlu passed away from a heart attack very sadly. He had a very helpful and cheerful personality. We will never forget him with his warm memories.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Kocaeli, 41300, Kocaeli, Turkey

    Bülent Doğan

  2. Department of Geopysical Engineering, University of Kocaeli, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey

    Metin Aşci, Ertan Pekşen, Selin Yavuzyilmaz, Mohammad Alahmad, Fadime Sertçelik, İbrahim Sertçelik & Cengiz Kurtuluş

  3. Department of Geological Engineering, University of Kocaeli, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey

    Ahmet Karakaş

  4. Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of Kocaeli, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey

    Arzu Erener & Murat Selim Çepni

Authors
  1. Bülent Doğan
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  2. Metin Aşci
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  3. Ahmet Karakaş
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  4. Ertan Pekşen
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  5. Arzu Erener
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  6. Murat Selim Çepni
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  7. Selin Yavuzyilmaz
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  8. Mohammad Alahmad
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  9. Fadime Sertçelik
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  10. İbrahim Sertçelik
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  11. Cengiz Kurtuluş
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Correspondence to Bülent Doğan.

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Doğan, B., Aşci, M., Karakaş, A. et al. Basin progress: active deformation analysis by tectonostratigraphic elements and geophysical methods on North Anatolian Fault System (Eastern Marmara Region, Turkey). Nat Hazards 109, 1675–1716 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04894-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04894-4

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