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Characterization of Eggplant Genotypes for Different Resistance Mechanisms Against Leucinodes orbonalis

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Abstract

Host plant resistance mechanisms play an important role in developing cultivars with resistance to the target pests; information regarding morphological and biochemical factors contributing to the resistance is essential for developing pest-resistant cultivars. As a result, we investigated the contribution of various morphological and biochemical characters in forty-two eggplant genotypes against Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée, in Himachal Pradesh, India. Out of all the phenotypic parameters evaluated, pericarp thickness (r = 0.89) has significantly positive correlation with fruit infestation, whereas trichome density had significantly negative correlation (r = − 0.89). Analysis of the biochemical compounds in the eggplant genotypes revealed that total phenols (r = − 0.71), polyphenol oxidase (r = − 0.63), peroxidases (r = − 0.35), phenylalanine ammonium lyase (r = − 0.71) and solasodine (r = − 0.81) had significantly negative correlation with the per cent fruit infestation by L. orbonalis while the reducing sugars (r = 0.66) and non-reducing sugars (r = 0.62) showed a significantly positive correlation. Molecular characterization by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers also revealed the presence of high genetic diversity among different eggplant genotypes, where 17 polymorphic RAPD primers produced a total of 167 amplicons, among which 144 amplicons were polymorphic and 23 monomorphic bands. PCR-amplified DNA fragment size ranged from 100 to 2500 bp, mean polymorphism was 86.42% and the average PIC value was 0.444. Jaccards coefficient–based dendrogram grouped 40 eggplant genotypes into two major clusters. Results also revealed that the resistant genotypes accumulated higher levels of defensive biochemical enzymes such as phenols, PO, PPO, PAL and solasodine to confer insect resistance. Molecular characterization also revealed that genotypes in the present study were genetically diverse and could be used in future breeding and improvement programmes in this crop. Genotypes, IC411485 and IC090951, in particular, can be used as varied parents in breeding programmes to generate improved lines in terms of resistance to L. orbonalis.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Director, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India, and the Professor and Head, Department of Vegetable Science, Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, H.P. India, for their help in providing the eggplant germplasm to carry out these studies. A special note of thanks to Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India, for providing Inspire fellowship.

Funding

This study was funded by the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India (Grant number IF170391).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept of Entomology, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar Univ of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Nalini Challa, Mohinder Singh, Mahesh Balaso Gaikwad & Priyanka Thakur

  2. Dept of Vegetable Science, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar Univ of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Ramesh Kumar Bharadwaj

  3. Dept of Biotechnology, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar Univ of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Rajnish Sharma

Authors
  1. Nalini Challa
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  2. Mohinder Singh
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  3. Ramesh Kumar Bharadwaj
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  4. Rajnish Sharma
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  5. Mahesh Balaso Gaikwad
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  6. Priyanka Thakur
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Contributions

Dr. Mohinder Singh was the major advisor of my Ph.D. research who guided me during the entire research period and thesis writing; Dr. Ramesh Kumar Bharadwaj was my advisory member who helped in procuring the brinjal genotypes used in the study; Gaikwad Mahesh Balaso helped me with evaluation of the biochemical compounds analysis in the laboratory; Priyanka Thakur helped me in the interpretation and analysis of my research data. The author(s) read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Nalini Challa.

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Challa, N., Singh, M., Bharadwaj, R.K. et al. Characterization of Eggplant Genotypes for Different Resistance Mechanisms Against Leucinodes orbonalis. Neotrop Entomol 50, 643–653 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-021-00888-w

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