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Bioleaching of metals from waste printed circuit boards using bacterial isolates native to abandoned gold mine

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Abstract

In the present study, native bacterial strains isolated from abandoned gold mine and Chromobacterium violaceum (MTCC-2656) were applied for bioleaching of metals from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). Toxicity assessment and dose–response analysis of WPCBs showed EC50 values of 128.9, 98.7, and 90.8 g/L for Bacillus sp. SAG3, Bacillus megaterium SAG1 and Lysinibacillus sphaericus SAG2, respectively, whereas, for C. violaceum EC50 was 83.70 g/L. This indicates the viable operation range and technological feasibility of metals bioleaching from WPCBs using mine isolates. The influencing factors such as pH, pulp density, temperature, and precursor molecule (glycine) were optimized by one-factor at a time method (OFAT). The maximum metal recovery occurred at an initial pH of 9.0, a pulp density of 10 g/L, a temperature of 30 °C and a glycine concentration of 5 g/L, except for L. sphaericus which showed optimum activity at initial pH of 8.0. Under optimal conditions the metals recovery of Cu and Au from WPCBs were recorded as 87.5 ± 8% and 73.6 ± 3% for C. violaceum and 72.7 ± 5% and 66.6 ± 6% for B. megaterium, respectively. Kinetic modeling results showed that the data was best described by first order reaction kinetics, where the rate of metal solubilization from WPCBs depended upon microbial lixiviant production. This is the first report on bioleaching of metals from e-waste using bacterial isolates from the gold mine of Solan, HP. Our study demonstrated the potential of bioleaching for resource recovery from WPCBs dust, aimed to be disposed at landfills, and its effectiveness in extraction of elements those are at high supply risk and demand.

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Acknowledgements

The research project was supported by Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, Sanction Order No. BT/PR7478/BCE/8/951/2013. We would also like to acknowledge Exigo Recycling Pvt. Ltd. for providing e-waste.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Himachal Pradesh, Waknaghat, Solan, 173234, India

    Anil Kumar & Sudhir Kumar

  2. Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India

    Harvinder Singh Saini

  3. Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Dumlupınar Bulvarı No: 1, 06800, Ankara, Turkey

    Sevinç Şengör

  4. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA

    Rajesh Kumar Sani

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  1. Anil Kumar
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Correspondence to Sudhir Kumar.

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Kumar, A., Saini, H.S., Şengör, S. et al. Bioleaching of metals from waste printed circuit boards using bacterial isolates native to abandoned gold mine. Biometals 34, 1043–1058 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-021-00326-9

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