skip to main content
research-article

A Computer Corpus-Based Study of Chinese EFL Learners’ Use of Adverbial Connectors and Its Implications for Building a Language-Based Learning Environment

Authors Info & Claims
Published:30 June 2021Publication History
Skip Abstract Section

Abstract

This research adopts the methodology of corpus-based analysis and contrastive interlanguage analysis (CIA), using three corpora as the data source to analyze the adverbial connectors used by Chinese EFL (English as a foreign language) learners (i.e., university students in Guangzhou, China) in their written English. Major findings show that Chinese EFL learners have displayed a general tendency to overuse English adverbial connectors in terms of total tokens when compared with native speakers of English, and Chinese EFL learners deviate notably from the native speakers of English in the use of some individual English adverbial connectors. The research explores that Chinese EFL learners’ use of English adverbial connectors might be influenced by L1 transfer, writing handbooks’ and teachers’ instruction, learners’ lack of audience awareness, and lack of stylistic awareness. The research has some implications for language learning: a large collection of learner corpora, a target language's native speakers corpus, a learner's mother language corpus, and corpus software AntConc can complement textbooks in language learners’ deep learning process, constituting a language-based learning environment for human languages with reduced perplexity and increased accuracy.

References

  1. B. Altenberg and M. Tapper. 1998. The use of adverbial connectors in advanced Swedish learners’ written English. In S. Granger (ed.). Learner English on Computer. London and New York: Longman, 132–134.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  2. R. Appel and A. Szeib. 2018. Linking adverbials in L2 English academic writing: L1-related differences. System 78 (2018), 115–129.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  3. W. J. Ball. 1986. Dictionary of Link Words in English Discourse. London: Macmillan.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  4. D. Biber and E. Finegan. 1988. Adverbial stance types in English. Discourse Processes 11, 1 (1988), 1–34.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  5. D. Biber, S. Conrad, and R. Rappen. 2000. Corpus Linguistics: Investigating Language Structure and Use. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 4.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  6. K. Bolton, G. Nelson, and J. Hung. 2002. A corpus-based study of connectors in student writing: Research from the International Corpus of English in Hong Kong (ICE-HK). International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 7, 2 (2002), 165–182.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  7. P. L. Carrel. 1982. Cohesion is not coherence. TESOL 16 (1982), 479–488.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  8. S. Chalker. 2001. Collins Cobuild: Linking Words. Beijing: Foreign Language Press, Hongkong: Commercial Press.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  9. W. Cheng. 2012. Exploring Corpus Linguistics. London: Routledge.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  10. P. Corder. 1973. Introducing Applied Linguistics. Harmondsworth: Penguin.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  11. A. Crismore, R. Markkanen, and M. S. Steffensen. 1993. Meta-discourse in persuasive writing: A study of texts written by American and Finish university students. Written Communication 10, 1 (1993), 39–71.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  12. W. Dai, L. Gong, and D. Shu. 2000. A Dictionary of English Link Words. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  13. F. Deng. 2006. The effect of the use of adverbial connectors on Chinese EFL learners' English writing quality. Teaching English in China 1 (2006), 105–111.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  14. F. Deng and X. Li. 2017. A computer corpus-based study of foreign in English newspapers and its pedagogical implications. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education 13, 10 (2017), 6799–6806.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  15. X. Gao. 2016. A cross-disciplinary corpus-based study on English and Chinese native speakers’ use of linking adverbials in academic writing. Journal of English for Academic Purposes 24 (2016), 14–28.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  16. L. Gong. 2011. New Era Interactive English (Reading and Writing, Book 1). Beijing: Qinghua University Press.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  17. L. Gong. 2011. New Era Interactive English (Reading and Writing, Book 2). Beijing: Qinghua University Press.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  18. L. Gong. 2011. New Era Interactive English (Reading and Writing, Book 3). Beijing: Qinghua University Press.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  19. L. Gong. 2011. New Era Interactive English (Reading and Writing, Book 4). Beijing: Qinghua University Press.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  20. S. Granger and S. Tyson. 1996. Connector usage in the English essay writing of native and non-native EFL speakers of English. World Englishers 15, 1 (1996), 7–27.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  21. S. Granger. 2015. Contrastive interlanguage analysis: A reappraisal. International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 1, 1 (2015), 7–24.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  22. S. C. Gui and H. Z. Yang. 2003. Chinese Learner English Corpus. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Education Press.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  23. M. A. K. Halliday and R. Hasan. 1976. Cohesion in English. London: Longman.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  24. S. He. 2002. Contrastive Studies of English And Chinese Languages. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Education Press.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  25. K. Hyland. 2018. Genre and second language writing. In: The TESOL Encyclopaedia of English Language Teaching, J. Liontas (ed.) Oxford: Willey. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444808005235Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  26. J. Kim. 2019. The use of adverbial connectors in Korean college students’ English essays: A corpus-based comparative study. Korean Journal of Applied Linguistics 35, 2 (2019), 83–104.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  27. S. Kim and R. Yeates. 2019. On the phraseology of the linking adverbial besides. Journal of English for Academic Purposes 40 (2019), 44–52.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  28. G. Leech. 2001. The role of frequency in ELT. New corpus evidence brings a re-appraisal. Foreign Language Teaching and Research 33, 5 (2001), 328–339.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  29. M. Leedham and G. Cai. 2013. Besides … on the other hand: Using a corpus approach to explore the influence of teaching materials on Chinese students' use of linking adverbials. Journal of Second Language Writing 22, 4 (2013), 374–389.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  30. L. Lei. 2012. Linking adverbials in academic writing on applied linguistics by Chinese doctoral students. Journal of English for Academic Purposes 11, 3 (2012), 267–275.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  31. X. Peng. 2000. A Comprehensive Comparison between English and Chinese Texts. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Education Press.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  32. R. Quirk, S. Greenbaum, G. Leech, and J. Svartvik. 1985. A Comprehensive Grammar of English. London: Longman.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  33. J. Shi and B. Shao. 2016. Connector usage in spoken English of Chinese learners based on the use ofthough. Journal of Tianjin Foreign Studies University 23 (2016), 40–46.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  34. R. Scollon. 2000. Contrastive Discourse in Chinese and English. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  35. P. Shaw and E. T. K. Liu. 1998. What develops in the development of second language writing. Applied Linguistics 19, 2 (1998), 225–254.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  36. L. Wang. 2000. Chinese Contemporary Grammar. Beijing: Commercial Press.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  37. D. Wiechmann and E. Kerz. 2013. The positioning of concessive adverbial clauses in English: Assessing the importance of discourse—Pragmatica and processing-based constraints. English Language and Linguistics 17 (2013), 1–23.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  38. W. J. Vande Kopple. 1985. Some explanatory discourse on meta-discourse. College Composition and Communication, 36 (1985), 81–93.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  39. L. Zheng, Y. Zhu, and X. Miao. 2001. Contrastive Study of Cohesion in English and Chinese. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Education Press.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  40. S. T. Zheng. 2015. New Horizon College English (Reading and Writing, Book 1). Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  41. S. T. Zheng. 2015. New Horizon College English (Reading and Writing, Book 2). Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  42. S. T. Zheng. 2015. New Horizon College English (Reading and Writing, Book 3). Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  43. S. T. Zheng. 2015. New Horizon College English (Reading and Writing, Book 4). Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar

Index Terms

  1. A Computer Corpus-Based Study of Chinese EFL Learners’ Use of Adverbial Connectors and Its Implications for Building a Language-Based Learning Environment

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Login options

    Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

    Sign in

    Full Access

    • Published in

      cover image ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing
      ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing  Volume 20, Issue 5
      September 2021
      320 pages
      ISSN:2375-4699
      EISSN:2375-4702
      DOI:10.1145/3467024
      Issue’s Table of Contents

      Copyright © 2021 Association for Computing Machinery.

      Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

      Publisher

      Association for Computing Machinery

      New York, NY, United States

      Publication History

      • Published: 30 June 2021
      • Received: 1 October 2020
      • Revised: 1 March 2020
      • Accepted: 1 March 2020
      Published in tallip Volume 20, Issue 5

      Permissions

      Request permissions about this article.

      Request Permissions

      Check for updates

      Qualifiers

      • research-article
      • Refereed
    • Article Metrics

      • Downloads (Last 12 months)47
      • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)6

      Other Metrics

    PDF Format

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    HTML Format

    View this article in HTML Format .

    View HTML Format