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The Traits of Protein Metabolism in the Skeletal Muscle of Teleost Fish

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Abstract

The review summarizes the literature and our own experimental data on the features of the structure, function, and protein metabolism in skeletal muscles of teleost fish (Teleostei). Despite the conserved basic mechanisms of muscle growth (myogenesis) and degradation in vertebrates, fish are characterized by unique features related to their poikilothermy, indeterminate growth, and a special role of skeletal muscle as a depot of plastic and energy substrates. Fish skeletal muscles show high plasticity in terms of their ability to undergo substantial anabolic or catabolic changes in response to environmental variables, such as temperature, photoperiod, and food availability. Under optimal (anabolic) conditions, fish muscle tissue grows by hypertrophy and hyperplasia at an extremely high rate, while during the periods of high energy demand, including migration, starvation, and gonad maturation, catabolism of skeletal muscle proteins temporarily dominates. However, degradation of fish muscle tissue can be profound enough to exceed its regenerative capacity: both genetic programs and responses to exogenous signals of excessive strength and duration can be implemented via this scenario. An extreme and demonstrative example of the mobilization of muscle protein reserves and utilization of resulting amino acids for energy production and synthesis of stage-specific gonadal proteins are Pacific salmonids whose exhaustion during spawning is so great that results in their death. Fish myopathies and the potential of fish as objects for human disease modeling are also considered.

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Abbreviations

Akt:

serine/threonine protein kinase B

AMPK:

5′-AMP-activated protein kinase

GH:

growth hormone

GHR:

growth hormone receptor

hsp:

heat shock protein

Igf:

insulin-like growth factor

Igfbp:

Igf-binding protein

Igf-1R:

insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor

MPC:

myogenic progenitor cell

MRF:

myogenic regulatory factor

Myhc:

myosin heavy chain

Mylc:

myosin light chain

myoD:

myoblast determination factor

myoG:

myogenin

NF-κB:

nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells

Pi3K:

phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

TGF-β:

transforming growth factor beta

TNFα:

tumor necrosis factor alpha

TOR:

target of rapamycin

TSC:

tuberous sclerosis complex

UPS:

ubiquitin-proteasome system

WGD:

whole-genome duplication

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The analysis of literature was implemented within the Government assignment to the Institute of Biology (Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk); theme 0218-2019-0076. The obtaining of own experimental data on aquaculture fish species were supported by the Russian Science Foundation; grant No. 17-74-20098.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia

    N. N. Nemova, N. P. Kantserova & L. A. Lysenko

Authors
  1. N. N. Nemova
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  2. N. P. Kantserova
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  3. L. A. Lysenko
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Contributions

The basic idea and manuscript editing (N.N.N.); data analysis, writing of the manuscript draft (L.A.L.), literature search (N.P.K.).

Corresponding author

Correspondence to L. A. Lysenko.

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The authors declare that they have neither evident nor potential conflict of interest associated with the publication of this article.

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Translated by A. Polyanovsky

Russian Text © The Author(s), 2021, published in Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova, 2021, Vol. 107, Nos. 6–7, pp. 730–754https://doi.org/10.31857/S0044452921020030.

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Nemova, N.N., Kantserova, N.P. & Lysenko, L.A. The Traits of Protein Metabolism in the Skeletal Muscle of Teleost Fish. J Evol Biochem Phys 57, 626–645 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0022093021030121

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0022093021030121

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