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Alteration of root and shoot morphologies by interspecific replacement of individual Upland cotton chromosome or chromosome segment pairs

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Abstract

Genetic approaches often lead to the most cost-effective and efficient means to improve crops, especially those grown widely. But for most crops, cotton included, genetic improvement efforts have focused far more on above-ground plant attributes than on root systems. Root system establishment is crucial to cotton seedling success, subsequent development, crop performance and sustainability. As a first step toward genetic enhancement of cotton root systems, significant heritable phenotypic variation must be found or created. The overall objective of this research was to study the effect of substituted chromosomes or chromosome segments from the donor tetraploid species Gossypium barbadense, G. mustelinum, and G. tomentosum on the selected traits of the stem, leaf, and especially root in CS lines. Twenty-seven chromosome substitution (CS) lines, containing different pairs or short segments of chromosomes from G. barbadense (CS-B lines), G. mustelinum (CS-M lines), and G. tomentosum (CS-T lines) and two parents, TM-1, parent quasi-isogenic to the CS lines and G. barbadense 3-79, the donor parent to all CS-B lines, were analyzed. Goals were to determine if CS lines significantly affect any of 17 morphological shoot and root traits. Indeed, significant line-based variation occurred for several root and shoot phenotypes. Comparisons of means and two-way hierarchical cluster analysis revealed several CS lines simultaneously affected multiple shoot and/or root traits, positively or negatively. Pairwise correlations of traits and the cluster analysis showed strong relationships among certain traits. The high correlation among several root traits suggests that easier-to-screen traits might be leveraged strategically to devise breeding-friendly methods for phenotypically evaluating root system morphology. Most importantly, this research identifies CS lines with prospectively novel individual trait effects and others with multi-trait effects that can be further dissected and used to improve our knowledge of cotton root systems, their development, genetic control and genetic improvement.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Mr. David Brand of Mississippi State University and Ms. Evita Lopez-Gourley, at USDA-ARS for technical assistance and lab analysis, and Mr. Wayne A. Raska for decades of diligence in developing monosomic stocks and chromosome substitution lines. Development of the chromosome substitution lines used in this study was made possible by partial funding support from Cotton Incorporated, including agreement no. 16-349, as well as the Texas State Support Committee, Texas Food & Fiber Commission and the USDA-ARS and from the grant of USDA/ARS CRIS project 6064-21000-016.

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All authors agreed with the content and that all gave explicit consent to submit and that they obtained consent from the responsible authorities at the institute/organization where the work has been carried out, before the work is submitted. All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. A submission to the journal implies that materials described in the manuscript, including all relevant raw data, will be freely available to any researcher wishing to use them for non-commercial purposes, without breaching participant confidentiality. This article does not contain any studies involving animal or human participants performed by any of the authors.

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  1. Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Academy Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, 111215

    Mirzakamol S. Ayubov, Tokhir M. Norov & Ibrokhim Y. Abdurakhmonov

  2. Genetics and Sustainable Agriculture Unit, USDA-ARS, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA

    Sukumar Saha & Johnie N. Jenkins

  3. Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA

    Te-Ming Tseng & K. Raja Reddy

  4. Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843-2474, TX, USA

    David M. Stelly

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  1. Mirzakamol S. Ayubov
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Correspondence to Sukumar Saha or David M. Stelly.

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Ayubov, M.S., Norov, T.M., Saha, S. et al. Alteration of root and shoot morphologies by interspecific replacement of individual Upland cotton chromosome or chromosome segment pairs. Euphytica 217, 154 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-021-02771-6

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