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Characterisation of heat dissipation from PCM based heat sink using Mach–Zehnder Interferometry

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Abstract

In this work, the transient thermal performance and natural convection heat transfer from a passive thermal management system based on phase change material (PCM) filled heat sink (HS-PCM) was compared with heat sink without PCM (HS) using Differential Interferometry. n-Docosane was used as the PCM and its phase change characteristics were determined. The operational time of HS-PCM over HS improved by 78%, 70% and 59% for 5669 W/m2, 11,338 W/m2 and 14,172 W/m2 respectively, corresponding to set temperature of 48 °C. The non-intrusive Mach—Zehnder interferometry technique was employed to obtain the real-time local and average heat transfer coefficient of HS and HS-PCM using Naylor’s method. The local heat transfer coefficient along the fin height was estimated from the deformation of the parallel fringes at the surface of the fins. The fringe bending in both HS and HS-PCM increased with heating due to increase in surface temperature. The lower surface temperature of HS-PCM creates smaller density gradients in the medium causing lesser bending of fringes as compared to HS case. The local heat transfer coefficient associated with inner and outer surfaces of HS and HS-PCM varied with fringe bending angle at that location. During the heating stage, the local heat transfer coefficient increased from fin base to tip for both HS and HS-PCM, with minimum values near the base and maximum at the fin tip. The average heat transfer coefficient for the inner and outer fin surfaces was low for HS-PCM as compared to HS at all heat fluxes. The present experiment is useful for studying local fin heat loss coefficient during the pre-melting, melting, post melting and cooling stages of PCM heat sinks.

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Abbreviations

\(\bar{h}\) :

Average convective heat transfer coefficient (W/m2K)

h x :

Local convective heat transfer coefficient (W/m2K)

T ∞ :

Ambient temperature (°C)

T s :

Local surface temperature (°C)

c p :

Specific heat (J/g K)

q flux :

Heat flux dissipated (W/m2)

ṙ :

Specific refractive index (m3/kg)

x * :

Dimensionless fin length

λ o :

Wavelength of light in vacuum (m)

G :

Gladstone-Dale constant (m3/kg)

H :

Enthalpy of fusion (J/g)

I :

Current (A)

L :

Length of fin (m)

P :

Absolute air pressure (Pa)

P :

Power (W)

Q :

Heat energy (W)

R :

Gas constant (J/kgK)

T :

Temperature (°C)

V :

Voltage (V)

Z :

Length of test section in direction of light beam (m)

d :

Fringe width (m)

k :

Thermal conductivity (W/mK)

m :

Mass (g)

t :

Instantaneous time (s)

x :

Local distance along fin length (m)

α :

Angle between line of constant fringe shift and surface (°)

PCM :

Phase change material

a :

Air

f :

Final

i :

Initial

l :

Liquid

m :

Melting

s :

Solid

ER:

Effectiveness ratio

HS:

Heat sink

HS-PCM:

Heat sink with PCM

MZI:

Mach-Zehnder interferometry

PCM:

Phase change material

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala, Cochin, India

    Mathew Joseph, Vibin Antony & V. Sajith

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajagiri School of Engineering and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, India

    Mathew Joseph

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Joseph, M., Antony, V. & Sajith, V. Characterisation of heat dissipation from PCM based heat sink using Mach–Zehnder Interferometry. Heat Mass Transfer 58, 171–193 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-021-03101-1

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