Abstract
We study the response of a composite beam (unimorph) with a piezomagnetic layer and a piezoelectric semiconductor layer under a transverse magnetic field. A one-dimensional model for coupled bending and extension of the beam is derived from the three-dimensional theory. A simple and analytical solution of the model is obtained, showing that various electromechanical fields develop in the beam through piezomagnetic and piezoelectric couplings as well as semiconduction. In particular, the mobile charges in the semiconductor layer redistribute themselves under the magnetic field. A coupling coefficient is defined to describe the strength of this magneto-semiconduction coupling. The effects of physical and geometric parameters on the fields and the coupling coefficient are examined. The results are fundamental to piezotronics when magnetic effects are involved.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hickernell FS. The piezoelectric semiconductor and acoustoelectronic device development in the sixties. IEEE Trans Ultrason FERR. 2005;52(5):737–45.
Wang ZL, Wu WZ, Falconi C. Piezotronics and piezophototronics with third generation semiconductors. MRS Bull. 2018;43(12):922–7.
Zhang Y, Leng YS, Willatzen M, et al. Theory of piezotronics and piezophototronics. MRS Bull. 2018;43(12):928–35.
Hu WG, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Gupta K, et al. Piezotronic materials and large-scale piezotronics array devices. MRS Bull. 2018;43(12):936–40.
Frömling T, Yu RM, Mintken M, et al. Piezotronic sensors. MRS Bull. 2018;43(12):941–5.
Wang XD, Rohrer GS, Li HX. Piezotronic modulations in electro- and photochemical catalysis. MRS Bull. 2018;43(12):946–51.
Bao RR, Hu YF, Yang Q, et al. Piezophototronic effect on optoelectronic nanodevices. MRS Bull. 2018;43(12):952–8.
Gao PX, Song JH, Liu J, et al. Nanowire piezoelectric nanogenerators on plastic substrates as flexible power sources for nanodevices. Adv Mater. 2007;19(1):67–72.
Romano G, Mantini G, Garlo AD, et al. Piezoelectric potential in vertically aligned nanowires for high output nanogenerators. Nanotechnology. 2011;22(46):465401.
Liu YD, Wahyudin ETN, He JH, et al. Piezotronics and piezo-phototronics in two-dimensional materials. MRS Bull. 2018;43(12):959–64.
Cui NY, Wu WW, Zhao Y, et al. Magnetic force driven nanogenerators as a noncontact energy harvester and sensor. Nano Lett. 2012;12(7):3701–5.
Huang LB, Bai GX, Wong MC, et al. Magnetic-assisted noncontact triboelectric nanogenerator converting mechanical energy into electricity and light emissions. Adv Mater. 2016;28(14):2744–51.
Wong MC, Chen L, Tsang MK, et al. Magnetic-induced luminescence from flexible composite laminates by coupling magnetic field to piezophotonic effect. Adv Mater. 2015;27(30):4488–95.
Peng MZ, Zhang Y, Liu YD, et al. Magnetic-mechanical-electrical-optical coupling effects in GaN-based led/rare-earth terfenol-D structures. Adv Mater. 2014;26(39):6767–72.
Liu YD, Guo JM, Yu AF, et al. Magnetic-induced-piezopotential gated MoS\(_{2}\) field-effect transistor at room temperature. Adv Mater. 2018;30(8):1704524.
Piotrowski C, Bendson SA, Loeding NW, et al. Integrated magnetostrictive-piezoelectric metal oxde semiconductor magnetic payback head. U.S. Patent 4,520,413 (1985).
Cheng RR, Zhang CL, Zhang CZ, et al. Magnetically controllable piezotronic responses in a composite semiconductor fiber with multiferroic coupling effects. Phys Status Solidi A. 2020;217(2):1900621.
Wang GL, Liu JX, Feng WJ, et al. Magnetically induced carrier distribution in a composite rod of piezoelectric semiconductors and piezomagnetics. Materials. 2020;13(14):3115.
Liang C, Zhang CL, Chen WQ, et al. Electrical response of a multiferroic composite semiconductor fiber under a local magnetic field. Acta Mech Solida Sinica. 2020;33:663–73.
Kong DJ, Cheng RR, Zhang CL, et al. Dynamic manipulation of piezotronic behaviors of composite multiferroic semiconductors through time-dependent magnetic field. J Appl Phys. 2020;128(6):064503.
Wang GL, Liu JX, Nie GQ, et al. Effects of magnetic fields on mobile charges in bending of beams with piezoelectric semiconductor and piezomagnetic layers. Arch Appl Mech. 2020;under review.
Dong SX, Bouchilloux P, Du XH, et al. Ring type uni/bimorph piezoelectric actuators. J Intel Mat Syst Struct. 2002;12(9):613–6.
Gao XT, Shih WH, Shih WY. Induced voltage of piezoelectric unimorph cantilevers of different nonpiezoelectric/piezoelectric length ratios. Smart Mater Struct. 2009;18(12):125018.
Pierret RF. Semiconductor device fundamentals. New Jersey: Addison-Wesley; 1996.
Yang JS. Analysis of piezoelectric semiconductor structures. Berlin: Springer Nature Switzerland AG; 2020.
Zheng JY, Zhou YL, Zhang YM, et al. C-V characteristics of piezotronic metal-insulator-semiconductor transistor. Sci Bull. 2020;65(2):161–8.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 12072167 and 11972199), the special research funding from the Marine Biotechnology and Marine Engineering Discipline Group in Ningbo University, and the K. C. Wong Magana Fund through Ningbo University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yang, L., Du, J., Wang, J. et al. An Analysis of Piezomagnetic-Piezoelectric Semiconductor Unimorphs in Coupled Bending and Extension under a Transverse Magnetic Field. Acta Mech. Solida Sin. 34, 743–753 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10338-021-00235-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10338-021-00235-x