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Soil Stoichiometry Mediates Links Between Tree Functional Diversity and Soil Microbial Diversity in a Temperate Forest

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Abstract

Interactions between plants and soil microbial communities underpin soil processes and forest ecosystem function, but the links between tree diversity and soil microbial diversity are poorly characterized. Differences in both the taxonomic and functional diversity of trees and microbes can shape soil nutrient status and carbon storage, but the stoichiometry of carbon and nutrients in the soil also influences resource availability to plant and microbial communities. Given the key role of resource availability in plant–soil interactions, we hypothesized that relationships between tree diversity metrics and soil bacterial or fungal diversity are mediated by soil stoichiometry. To test our hypothesis, we measured tree diversity metrics (tree species richness, functional trait diversity and functional trait composition) and soil stoichiometry in a temperate forest in China, and we determined soil microbial diversity by Illumina sequencing. We used structural equation models to assess the relationships between tree diversity metrics and soil bacterial or fungal diversity and to evaluate the influence of soil stoichiometry. Overall, microbial diversity was strongly related to soil stoichiometry, whereby fungal diversity was associated with high soil N/P ratios, whereas bacterial diversity was related to high soil C/P ratios. Soil bacterial and fungal diversity were more closely related to tree functional trait diversity and composition than to tree species richness, and the links between tree and soil microbial diversity were mediated by soil stoichiometry. The strong links between tree functional traits, soil stoichiometry and soil bacteria or fungi suggest that resource quality plays a key role in plant–microbial interactions. Our results highlight the importance of nutrient stoichiometry in linkages between tree functional diversity and soil microbial diversity.

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The DOI of the dataset published in Dryad is as follows: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.547d7wm73

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant ZDBS-LY-DQC019), Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB 31030000), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31770666, 31670632, 32001121), LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Program (Grant XLYC1807039), Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (2017241) and K. C. Wong Education Foundation. The authors would like to thank Dr. Arshad Ali from Nanjing Forestry University for his comments and suggestions on an earlier draft of this manuscript.

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  1. CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, China

    Anvar Sanaei, Zuoqiang Yuan, Fei Lin, Shuai Fang, Ji Ye, Shufang Liu & Xugao Wang

  2. Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK

    Emma J. Sayer

  3. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P.O. Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama, Republic of Panama

    Emma J. Sayer

  4. School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China

    Zhanqing Hao

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  1. Anvar Sanaei
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AS, ZY and XW conceived the idea; ZY, FL, SF, JY, SL, ZH and XW collected the data. AS analysed and visualized the data. AS led the writing of the manuscript with support from EJS, ZY and XW; all authors contributed to the interpretation of the results and revisions of the manuscript.

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Sanaei, A., Sayer, E.J., Yuan, Z. et al. Soil Stoichiometry Mediates Links Between Tree Functional Diversity and Soil Microbial Diversity in a Temperate Forest. Ecosystems 25, 291–307 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-021-00655-3

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