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Static Magnetic Stimulation Induces Changes in the Oxidative Status and Cell Viability Parameters in a Primary Culture Model of Astrocytes

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Abstract

Astrocytes play an important role in the central nervous system function and may contribute to brain plasticity response during static magnetic fields (SMF) brain therapy. However, most studies evaluate SMF stimulation in brain plasticity while few studies evaluate the consequences of SMF at the cellular level. Thus, we here evaluate the effects of SMF at 305 mT (medium-intensity) in a primary culture of healthy/normal cortical astrocytes obtained from neonatal (1 to 2-day-old) Wistar rats. After reaching confluence, cells were daily subjected to SMF stimulation for 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, and 40 min during 7 consecutive days. Oxidative stress parameters, cell cycle, cell viability, and mitochondrial function were analyzed. The antioxidant capacity was reduced in groups stimulated for 5 and 40 min. Although no difference was observed in the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase or the total thiol content, lipid peroxidation was increased in all stimulated groups. The cell cycle was changed after 40 min of SMF stimulation while 15, 30, and 40 min led cells to death by necrosis. Mitochondrial function was reduced after SMF stimulation, although imaging analysis did not reveal substantial changes in the mitochondrial network. Results mainly revealed that SMF compromised healthy astrocytes’ oxidative status and viability. This finding reveals how important is to understand the SMF stimulation at the cellular level since this therapeutic approach has been largely used against neurological and psychiatric diseases.

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Abbreviations

CNS:

central nervous system

CONCEA:

National Council for Control of Animal Experimentation

DMSO:

dimethylsulfoxide

MF:

magnetic fields

MTG:

MitoTracker Green

MTR:

MitoTracker Red

NeFeB:

neodymium-iron-boron

SMF:

static magnetic field

SMS:

static magnetic stimulation

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Biotério Central da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), to Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia da UFPel (LabVir), to Laboratório de Bioquímica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico- Brasil (CNPq), and to HCPA Biomedical Engineering Laboratory.

Funding

This study was financed in part by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico- Brasil (CNPq) (edital MCTI/CNPQ/UNIVERSAL 14/2014) and HCPA Biomedical Engineering Laboratory (MCT/Finep/COENG).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. NeuroCell Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pelotas Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão-RS, 96160-000, Brasil

    Caroline Crespo da Costa, André Peres Koth & Jéssica Marques Obelar Ramos

  2. Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Bairro Centro Histórico, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brasil

    Léo Anderson Meira Martins

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-000, Brasil

    Fátima Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma & Cleverson Moraes de Oliveira

  4. Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Inflammation and Cancer, Universidade Federal de Pelotas Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão-RS, 96160-000, Brasil

    Nathália Stark Pedra & Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares

  5. Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão-RS, 96160-000, Brasil

    Geferson Fischer

  6. Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande Avenida Itália, Km 8, Bairro Carreiros, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96203-900, Brasil

    Eduarda Santa Helena & Carolina Rosa Gioda

  7. Laboratory of the Research and Development Service in Biomedical Engineering- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350- Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre-RS, 90035-903, Brasil

    Paulo Roberto Stefani Sanches

  8. Institute of Biological Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Avenida Itália, Km 8, Bairro Carreiros, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96203-900, Brasil

    Antonio Sergio Varela Junior

  9. Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Inflammation and Cancer, Post-Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospection, Universidade Federal de Pelotas Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão-RS, 96160-000, Brasil

    Rosélia Maria Spanevello

  10. NeuroCell Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pelotas Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão-RS, 96160-000, Brasil

    Giovana Duzzo Gamaro

  11. Coordinator of NeuroCell Laboratory, Laboratory of Histology, Department of Morphology, Post-Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospection, Universidade Federal de Pelotas Avenida Duque de Caxias, 250, 96030-000, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

    Izabel Cristina Custódio de Souza

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  1. Caroline Crespo da Costa
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Correspondence to Izabel Cristina Custódio de Souza.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethics approval

Experimental procedures were approved by the Committee on Ethics and Animal Experimentation of the Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil (protocol number CEEA 4408-2016), and the use of animals was in accordance with the Brazilian Guidelines for the Care and Use of Animals in Scientific Research Activities (DBCA), the National Council for Control of Animal Experimentation (CONCEA) and the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (NIH Publications No. 8023, revised 1978).

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da Costa, C.C., Martins, L.A.M., Koth, A.P. et al. Static Magnetic Stimulation Induces Changes in the Oxidative Status and Cell Viability Parameters in a Primary Culture Model of Astrocytes. Cell Biochem Biophys 79, 873–885 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-021-01015-7

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