Abstract
Rationale
Reduced inhibitory control is more pronounced during substance-related cue exposure among addicts. However, it is inconclusive whether smokers' inhibitory control would be impaired by smoking-related background. Furthermore, few studies explored whether the cigarette-specific disgust aroused by smoking warning images would alleviate the negative effect of smoking-related cues on smokers' inhibitory control.
Objective
Experiment 1 investigated the effect of smoking-related background on inhibitory control in cigarette smokers with a modified Go/NoGo task and experiment 2 explored whether cigarette-specific disgust aroused by smoking warning images would alleviate the negative effect of smoking-related background on smokers’ inhibitory control.
Method
Sixty-two male participants (32 smokers and 30 non-smokers) were recruited in experiment 1 and 51 male smokers were recruited in experiment 2.
Results
Experiment 1 found that compared to neutral background, smokers made more commission errors (i.e., executing a response to a no-go target) under smoking-related background, indicating that smoking-related background has a negative effect on smokers’ inhibitory control. Experiment 2 found that after experiencing cigarette-specific disgust, smokers made fewer commission errors at post-mood induction than pre-mood induction, indicating that cigarette-specific disgust aroused by smoking warning images alleviates the negative effect of smoking-related background on smokers’ inhibitory control.
Conclusions
These results suggest that the negative effect of smoking-related cues on smokers’ inhibitory control would be alleviated by cigarette-specific disgust aroused by smoking warning images, which emphasizes the important role of cigarette-specific disgust in strengthening smokers’ inhibitory control towards smoking-related cues.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the subjects who participated in the study. This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 31800946). This research also supported by Open Research Fund of College of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University (No. jykf21004).
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Conceptualization, W.L., H.C., and X.L.; methodology, N.C. and B.Z.; validation, H.C. and X.L.; resources, H.C. and B.Z.; writing—original draft preparation, X.L.; writing—review and editing, X.L. and H.C.; supervision, W.L.; project administration, H.C.; funding acquisition, H.C.
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Li, X., Li, W., Chen, H. et al. Cigarette-specific disgust aroused by smoking warning images strengthens smokers’ inhibitory control under smoking-related background in Go/NoGo task. Psychopharmacology 238, 2827–2838 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-021-05898-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-021-05898-5