Abstract
Insect pest occurrences on cabbage fields intercropped with leafy daikon, which is known to present a decoy plant for clubroot disease and belongs to the same family as cabbage (Brassicaceae), were examined at open field in the Miyagi prefecture, northern Japan. Four experiments were conducted to examine the influence of: intercropped leafy daikon’s seeding density on insect pest occurrence, trimming of intercropped leafy daikon on both insect pest occurrence and cabbage yield, and mix-cropping of leafy daikon and cabbage on insect pest occurrence. Leafy daikon intercropping reduced the occurrence of some insect pest species, especially that of the pests categorized as leaf-chewing pests, such as beet semi-loopers, Autographa nigrisigna Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and small white butterflies, Pieris rapae crucivora Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), and the results were compared with their occurrences in barley intercropping and non-intercropping. These two insect species were rarely observed on intercropped and mix-cropped leafy daikon, indicating it did not work as a trap crop. However, a reduction in cabbage yield due to shading of leafy daikon intercropping was observed, but the yield loss was mitigated by trimming of intercropped leafy daikon during the cultivation. Furthermore, leafy daikon intercropping with trimming had the same occurrence reduction effects against A. nigrisigna and P. rapae crucivora as leafy daikon intercropping without trimming. Our findings suggested that intercropping of closely related plants was possible by selecting the appropriate combinations of parameters and proper strategies, which proved to be useful for insect pest management in mix-cropping systems.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Afrin S, Latif A, Banu NMA, Kabir MMM, Haque SS, Emam Ahmed MM, Tonu NN, Ali MP (2017) Intercropping empower reduces insect pests and increases biodiversity in agro-ecosystem. Agric Sci 8:1120–1134. https://doi.org/10.4236/as.2017.810082
Akaike K (2018) Insect pests damage reduction on organic farming of cabbage using mixed cropping, intercropping, and weed sod-culture: field studies and empirical research in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. Jpn J Appl Entomol Zool 62:149–160. https://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2018.149 (in Japanese)
Amano K (1984) Host preference of the yellow striped flea beetle, Phyllotreta striolata Fab. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Annu Rep Soc Plant Prot North Jpn 35:132–135. https://doi.org/10.11455/kitanihon1966.1984.132 (in Japanese with English abstract)
Andow DA, Nicholson AG, Wien HC, Willson HR (1986) Insect populations on cabbage grown with living mulches. Environ Entomol 15:293–299. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/15.2.293
Andrews DJ, Kassam AH (1976) The importance of multiple cropping in increasing world food supplies. In: Papendick RI, Sanchez PA, Triplett GB (eds) Multiple cropping special publication 27. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, pp 1–10
Asman K (2002) Trap cropping effect on oviposition behaviour of the leek moth Acrolepiopsis assectella and the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella. Entomol Exp Appl 105:153–164. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1570-7458.2002.01043.x
Bates D, Maechler M, Bolker B, Walker S (2015) Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J Stat Softw 67:1–48. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01
Bender DA, Morrison WP, Frisbie RE (1999) Intercropping cabbage and Indian mustard for potential control of lepidopterous and other insects. HortScience 34:275–279. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.34.2.275
Boudreau MA (2013) Diseases in intercropping systems. Annu Rev Phytopathol 51:499–519. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-082712-102246
Broad ST, Schellhorn NA, Lisson SN, Mendham NJ, Corkrey R (2008) Host location and parasitism of Brevicoryne brassicae in diversified broccoli cropping systems. Entomol Exp Appl 129:166–171. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.2008.00762
Brust GE, Stinner BR, McCartney DA (1986) Predation by soil inhabiting arthropods in intercropped and monoculture agroecosystems. Agric Ecosyst Environ 18:145–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(86)90137-4
Chew FS, Renwick JAA (1995) Chemical ecology of host-plant choice in Pieris butterflies. In: Cardé RT, Bell WJ (eds) Chemical ecology of insects, 2nd edn. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp 214–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1765-8_6
Csonka E, Toth M (2005) Chemical communication with volatile semiochemicals in Phyllotreta species (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae): a mini review. Int J Hortic Sci 11:93–100
Dixon GR (2009) The occurrence and economic impact of Plasmodiophora brassicae and clubroot disease. J Plant Growth Regul 28:194–202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-009-9090-y
FAOSTAT (2018) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Statistics Division. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC. Accessed 15 July 2020
Finch S, Collier RH (2000) Host-plant selection by insects: a theory based on “appropriate/inappropriate landings” by pest insects of cruciferous plants. Entomol Exp Appl 96:91–102. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1570-7458.2000.00684
Finch S, Kienegger M (1997) A behavioural study to help clarify how undersowing with clover affects host plant selection by pest insects of Brassica crops. Entomol Exp Appl 84:165–172. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1570-7458.1997.00211.x
Fox J, Weisberg S (2011) An R companion to applied regression, 2nd edn. http://socserv.socsci.mcmaster.ca/jfox/Books/Companion. Accessed 28 Feb 2020
Gaba S, Lescourret F, Boudsocq S et al (2015) Multiple cropping systems as drivers for providing multiple ecosystem services: from concepts to design. Agron Sustain Dev 35:607–623. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-014-0272-z
Gurr G, Wratten S, Luna J (2003) Multi-function agricultural biodiversity: pest management and other benefits. Basic Appl Ecol 4:107–116. https://doi.org/10.1078/1439-1791-00122
Hothorn T, Bretz F, Westfall P (2008) Simultaneous inference in general parametric models. Biom J 50:346–363. https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.200810425
Ikeura H, Kobayashi F, Hayata Y (2010) How do Pieris rapae search for Brassicaceae host plants? Biochem Syst Ecol 38:1199–1203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2010.12.007
Letourneau DK, Armbrecht I, Rivera BS et al (2011) Does plant diversity benefit agroecosystems? A synthetic review. Ecol Appl 21:9–21. https://doi.org/10.1890/09-2026.1
Lopes T, Hatt S, Xu Q, Chen J, Liu Y, Francis F (2016) Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) based intercropping systems for biological pest control. Pest Manag Sci 72:2193–2202. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.4332
Malézieux E, Crozat Y, Dupraz C et al (2009) Mixing plant species in cropping systems: concepts, tools and models. A review. Agron Sustain Dev 29:43–62. https://doi.org/10.1051/agro:2007057
Masuda T (2011) Effects of living mulch on occurrence of insect pests in cabbage field. Plant Prot 65:292–298 (in Japanese)
Masuda T, Miyata M (2008) Effects of cover cropping on occurrence of insect pests in cabbage fields. Annu Rep Soc Plant Prot North Jpn 59:153–157. https://doi.org/10.11455/kitanihon1966.2008.153 (in Japanese)
Morris MC, Li FY (2000) Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) “companion plants” can attract hoverflies, and may reduce pest infestation in cabbages. N Z J Crop Hortic 28:213–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/01140671.2000.9514141
Murakami H, Tsushima S, Akimoto T, Murakami K, Goto I, Shishido Y (2000) Effects of growing leafy daikon (Raphanus sativus) on populations of Plasmodiophora brassicae (clubroot). Plant Pathol 49:584–589. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2000.00495
Murakami H, Tsushima S, Akimoto T, Shishido Y (2001) Reduction of spore density of Plasmodiophora brassicae in soil by decoy Plants. J Gen Plant Pathol 49:584–589. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00012994
Pimentel D (1961) Species diversity and insect population outbreaks. Ann Entomol Soc Am 54:76–86. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/54.1.76
Ratnadass A, Fernandes P, Avelino J, Habib R (2012) Plant species diversity for sustainable management of crop pests and diseases in agroecosystems: a review. Agron Sustain Dev 32:273–303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-011-0022-4
Root R (1973) Organization of a plant–arthropod association in simple and diverse habitats: the fauna of collards (Brassica oleracea). Ecol Monogr 43:95–124. https://doi.org/10.2307/1942161
Sekine T, Osaka M (2020) Pest control effect by barley intercropping and their application to IPM. Plant Prot 74:680–686 (in Japanese)
Sekine T, Tuji H, Kobayashi M (2003) Effect of seed amount of kozena daikon for control of clubroot of Chinese cabbage in Miyagi Prefecture. Annu Rep Soc Plant Prot North Jpn 54:62–63. https://doi.org/10.11455/kitanihon1966.2003.62 (in Japanese)
Sekine T, Masuda T, Inawashiro S (2021) Suppression effect of intercropping with barley on Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in onion fields. Appl Entomol Zool 56:59–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-020-00708-4
Singh RK, Kumar H, Singh AK (2010) Brassica based intercropping systems—a review. Agric Rev 31:253–266
Smith JG (1976) Influence of crop backgrounds on aphids and other phytophagous insects on Brussels sprouts. Ann Appl Biol 83:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1976.tb01689
Straub CS, Simasek NP, Dohm R, Gapinski MR, Aikens EO, Nagy C (2014) Plant diversity increases herbivore movement and vulnerability to predation. Basic Appl Ecol 15:50–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2013.12.004
Sulvai F, Chauque BJM, Mactuvele DLP (2016) Intercropping of lettuce and onion controls caterpillar thread, Agrotis ipsilon major insect pest of lettuce. Chem Biol Technol Agric 3:1–5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-016-0079-z
Theunissen J (1994) Effects of intercropping on pest populations in vegetable crops. IOBC/WPRS Bull 17:153–158
Theunissen J, Booij CJH, Lotz LAP (1995) Effects of intercropping white cabbage with clovers on pest population and yield. Entomol Exp Appl 74:7–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1995.tb01869.x
Togni PHB, Laumann RA, Medeiros MA, Sujii ER (2010) Odour masking of tomato volatiles by coriander volatiles in host plant selection of Bemisia tabaci biotype B. Entomol Exp Appl 136:164–173. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.2010.01010.x
Uvah III, Coaker TH (1984) Effect of mixed cropping on some insect pests of carrots and onions. Entomol Exp Appl 36:159–167. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1984.tb03422
van Loon JJA, Schoonhoven LM (1999) Specialist deterrent chemoreceptors enable Pieris caterpillars to discriminate between chemically different deterrents. Entomol Exp Appl 91:29–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1890-5_4
Venkateswarlu V, Sharma RK, Sharma K (2011) Evaluation of eco-friendly insecticides against major insect pests of cabbage. Pestic Res J 23:172–180
Voorrips RE (1995) Plasmodiophora brassicae: aspects of pathogenesis and resistance in Brassica oleracea. Euphytica 83:139–146. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01678041
Xie HC, Chen JL, Cheng DF, Zhou HB, Sun JR, Liu Y, Francis F (2012) Impact of wheat–mung bean intercropping on English grain aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations and its natural enemy. J Econ Entomol 105:854–859. https://doi.org/10.1603/EC11214
Acknowledgements
We thank Takaho Oe of Miyagi Prefectural Agriculture and Horticulture Research Center for his advices with the statistical analysis. We also thank Shozo Kinpara and Kafuka Suzuki of Miyagi Prefectural Agriculture and Horticulture Research Center for their assistance with the field survey.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Handling Editor: Heikki Hokkanen.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sekine, T., Kanao, K., Inawashiro, S. et al. Insect pest management by intercropping with leafy daikon (Raphanus sativus) in cabbage fields. Arthropod-Plant Interactions 15, 669–681 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-021-09848-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-021-09848-y