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Bond strength of reinforcing bars in hybrid fiber-reinforced SCC with binary, ternary and quaternary blends of steel and PVA fibers

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Abstract

In this study, the effect of inclusion of single fiber and binary, ternary and quaternary fiber hybridization on the bond performance of high strength self-compacting concrete (SCC) was investigated and 12 beam specimens having lap-spliced reinforcing bars in tension at the mid-span were designed. Four different fibers were used with different hybridizations. Fiber reinforced concrete beams demonstrated higher failure loads with a greater number of cracks. Especially the specimens with ternary fiber hybridization showed the best performance that the ultimate load resistance was 60% higher than that of the specimen without fiber. After splitting failure, the beam specimens with binary hybridization of macro steel fiber and polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) fiber and also, the specimens with ternary hybridization of macro steel fiber, micro steel fiber with 13 mm in length (OL 13/.16) and PVA fiber showed a gradually drop in performance with increasing deflections. Besides, results indicate that the least improvement in bond strength was observed in the specimen having quaternary fiber hybridization of macro steel fiber, OL 13/.16 and micro steel fiber with 6 mm in length (OL 6/.16) and PVA fiber. The bond strength results were also compared with the ones calculated from the existing prediction equations. It was found that Zuo and Darwin and Esfahani and Rangan equations gave better results than the equations of Orangun et al. and ACI 318 on the hybrid fiber reinforced SCC. Based on the results, it was indicated that in these proposals, a new parameter was necessary for the fiber content so in this study, a new empirical equation was derived by using fiber reinforced index for fiber reinforced SCC. The proposed equation gave better estimation in the specimens with single fiber and binary and ternary fiber hybridization.

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Abbreviations

α :

Reinforcement location factor

As :

Area of steel bar

β :

Coating factor

c:

Neutral axis depth

c1 and c2 :

Coefficients obtained from the regression analysis

c max :

Maximum of cx, cy and cs/2

c med :

Median of cx, cy and (cs + db)/2

c min :

Minimum of cx, cy and cs/s

c s :

Clear spacing between the splices

c x :

Spacing between the bars

c y :

Bottom cover

\(\delta\) :

Mid-span deflection

d b :

Diameter of tension reinforcement

d f :

Diameter of fiber

FA :

Fly ash

f′c :

Compressive strength of concrete

f′s :

Stress of tension reinforcement

γ:

Reinforcement size factor

λ’:

Lightweight aggregate concrete factor

λ (FR-I):

Fiber reinforced index

l d :

Splice length

L f :

Length of fiber

PC:

Portland cement

P max :

Failure load

RMSE:

Root mean square error

\(\sigma _{{\alpha }}\) :

Yield strength of steel bar

σc :

Tensile strength of steel bar

SF:

Silica fume

u :

Bond strength

u c :

Local bond strength

u test :

Measured bond strength

V f :

Fiber content by volume

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Acknowledgements

In this study, the financial support was provided by Scientific Research Projects Committee of Inonu University, Turkey (Project No: FDK-2017-865). Their support was gratefully acknowledged.

Funding

This study was funded by Scientific Research Projects Committee of Inonu University, Turkey (Project No: FDK-2017–865).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Malatya, Turkey

    Ceren Kina

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey

    Kazim Turk

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  1. Ceren Kina
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Ceren Kina and Kazim Turk. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ceren Kina.

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Kina, C., Turk, K. Bond strength of reinforcing bars in hybrid fiber-reinforced SCC with binary, ternary and quaternary blends of steel and PVA fibers. Mater Struct 54, 139 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-021-01733-7

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