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Photosynthetic and yield performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under sowing in hot environment

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Abstract

Heat stress during the post-flowering and grain development stages is a key abiotic stress influencing grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, 64 wheat genotypes, in their terminal growth stage, were subjected to two field temperatures caused by delayed sowing in two consecutive growing seasons. Results of photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, yield attributes, and grain yield investigations were subjected to combined analysis of variance, which revealed significant differences in the 1000 grain weight (GW), grain filling duration (GFD), grain yield, gas exchange parameters, and maximum quantum efficiency PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) among the genotypes (G) between the normal and heat stress conditions (E) and G × E interactions. Heat stress accelerated reproductive phases and shortened GFD leading to lower GW and grain yield. Exposure to heat stress resulted in significant decreases in net CO2 assimilation rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), iWUE, WUE, Fv/Fm ratio, and yield, while it increased sub‐stomatal CO2 concentration (Ci). Moreover, grain yield was found to be strongly correlated with Ci, Fv/Fm, and PN. Path coefficient analysis and stepwise multiple regression revealed that greater improvements will be achieved in Ci and Fv/Fm by increasing yield and PN performance when wheat is bred for tolerance to heat stress than those achieved by breeders under normal growing conditions.

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Abbreviations

C i :

Sub‐stomatal CO2 concentration (µmol mol−1)

E :

Transpiration rate (mmol m−2 s−1)

E:

Environment

Fv/Fm:

Maximum quantum efficiency of photochemistry at photosystem II (PSII), PSII

G:

Genotypes

GFD:

Grain filling duration

GNS:

Grain number spike−1

gs:

Stomatal conductance (mmol m−2 s−1)

GW:

1000 Grain weight

iWUE:

Intrinsic water use efficiency (PN/gs ratio, mmol mol−1)

P N :

Net CO2 assimilation rate (µmol m−2 s−1)

SN:

Spike number m−2

STI:

Stress tolerance index

WUE:

Instantaneous water use efficiency (PN/E ratio, mmol mol−1)

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Dr. M.M. Poursiahbidi for his assistance in conducting the experiments. This work was partially supported by the Isfahan University of Technology [Grant number 95-04-29/9511]. Dr. E. Roustazadeh from ELC, IUT, is also acknowledged for editing the final English manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 8415683111, Iran

    Soraya Mahdavi, Ahmad Arzani & Seyed A. M. Mirmohammady Maibody

  2. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran

    Ali Ashraf Mehrabi

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  1. Soraya Mahdavi
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  2. Ahmad Arzani
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  3. Seyed A. M. Mirmohammady Maibody
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  4. Ali Ashraf Mehrabi
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Correspondence to Ahmad Arzani.

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Communicated by G. Montanaro.

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Mahdavi, S., Arzani, A., Maibody, S.A.M.M. et al. Photosynthetic and yield performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under sowing in hot environment. Acta Physiol Plant 43, 106 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-021-03278-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-021-03278-2

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