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Creation of High-Precision Standard for Metrological Service of Measuring and Reproducing Alternating Current

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Abstract

The research work is aimed at providing the metrological service of production and operation of the measuring instruments of alternating current. Approximately a quarter of 200 countries of the world have the calibration and measurement capabilities declared in the KCDB database of International Bureau of Weights and Measures. It means that there is no adequate metrological service for some reference devices nowadays, and their metrological characteristics are not confirmed. Creating a high-precision standard of alternating current could be the solution to the mentioned problem. The theoretical investigations, comparisons with foreign analogs, and analysis of the methods of the measurement and reproduction of alternating current were carried out in the work. A functional diagram of the standard was developed to disseminate an alternating current unit. A mathematical model for disseminating the AC/DC current transfer difference was derived. A measurement model for high-precision reproduction of alternating current was also presented. The contributions of influent quantities to the total uncertainty of measurements were evaluated. The presented results can be used as a reference point in the creation of the main element of the metrological service in the field of AC measurement.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. All-Ukrainian Research and Production Center for Standardization, Metrology, Certification and Consumers Rights Protection (SE “Ukrmetrteststandard”), 4, Metrologichna str, Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine

    Valentyn Isaiev

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  1. Valentyn Isaiev
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Correspondence to Valentyn Isaiev.

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Appendices

Appendix

Extracted clauses from technical assignment on creating the national standard of the alternating current unit

Deadline

Beginning—October 2016.

Ending—December 2019.

Purpose and Tasks of Developing the Standard

The purpose of the work is to ensure the uniformity and traceability of measurements in the country in the field of measuring electrical and magnetic quantities.

The task of the work is:

  • - to create a system of metrological support for the production and operation of AC measuring instruments;

  • - to create, investigate and verify metrological characteristics of the high-precision standard of the alternating current unit;

  • - to ensure the required accuracy, constancy of the unit, and stability of metrological characteristics of the created standard.

Scope of Application of the Standard

The created standard is intended for reproduction and dissemination of the unit of alternating current to secondary standards, working standards in the range of current from 0.001 to 20 A.

The areas of application of measuring equipment, which should receive the AC unit size from the national standard, are electricity, instrument making, scientific research, etc.

Relationship with Other Standards

The created standard will reproduce the unit of alternating electric current by an indirect method, that is by comparing it with the equivalent direct current using the precision voltage meter, reference resistance, and precision shunts. The world level of technical development and production of measuring equipment allows reproducing the current with high accuracy based on Ohm's law. Consequently, there is a connection with the primary standard of the electric voltage unit. The value of the electric resistance unit will be obtained from the primary standard of the electrical resistance unit.

Initial Requirements for Basic Metrological and Technical Characteristics

The structure of the standard may be seen in Sect. 3. The following requirements should be met:

  • - frequency range must be from 10 Hz to 100 kHz;

  • - current reproduced by the standard must be from 0.001 to 20 A;

  • - minimum Type A relative standard uncertainty must be 3·10–6 provided 10 independent observations;

  • - minimum Type B relative standard uncertainty must be 1·10–5;

  • - service life must be at least 10 years.

Data of Foreign Analogues and Comparison

The metrological characteristics of the created high-precision standard must be at the level of characteristics of standards of the similar purpose of technically developed neighboring countries.

Conditions of Application

The following conditions should be provided during operation of the created standard:

  • - ambient temperature must be from 21 to 23 C;

  • - relative humidity must be from 30 to 80%;

  • - atmospheric pressure must be from 84 to 106 kPa;

  • - mains voltage must be from 198 to 242 V;

  • - mains frequency must be from 49.6 to 50.4 Hz;

  • - supply voltage total harmonic distortion must be below 5%.

Stages of Research Work

The appropriate information could be found in [1].

Procedure for Consideration and Acceptance of Work

The acceptance of work is carried out per the national guidelines "Metrology. Primary and secondary standards of units. Basic provisions, procedure for development, approval, registration, storage, and use".

The list of documents submitted after work is the following:

  • - report for the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade;

  • - passport of the created standard;

  • - rules of storage and application of the created standard;

  • - hierarchical scheme for disseminating the alternating current unit;

  • - procedure for studying the created standard (the methodology for the investigation);

  • - recommendation for assigning a position of a scientific keeper;

  • - information about the created standard for the national register of primary and secondary standards of units of measurement;

  • - conclusion of scientific and technical examination;

  • - final research report.

The documents for the created national standard must be submitted for affirmation to the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade.

Implementation of Research Results

Research results are an integral part of the work for preserving and ensuring the proper functioning of the national reference base, in particular, the high-precision standards in the field of electrical and magnetic measurements. The results of the work are implemented by creating a national standard for the dissemination of the size of alternating current unit to secondary standards, working standards, and other precision measuring equipment. This ensures the uniformity of measurements of alternating current performed by national enterprises and metrological services of industries through verification (calibration) to ensure the quality and reliability of measurements in the field of material production and research.

In addition, the operation of the created standard will allow:

  • - to improve the production of AC meters, in particular ammeters, electricity meters, which are actively used in various sectors of the national economy;

  • - to organize the legal production of test equipment with the function of measuring the alternating current;

  • - to provide the metrological service for used working standards of metrological centers and confirm their metrological characteristics;

  • - to confirm the metrological characteristics of meters of electricity supplied by energy companies abroad;

  • - to remove the part of the international trade restrictions on domestic measuring and testing equipment which is associated with the lack of confirmation of their metrological characteristics;

  • - to remove the existing barriers when importing measuring equipment in terms of alternating current measurement;

  • - to simplify the recognition of national AC meters and other products, which include AC measurement functions, in the international arena.

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Isaiev, V. Creation of High-Precision Standard for Metrological Service of Measuring and Reproducing Alternating Current. MAPAN 36, 717–728 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12647-021-00483-9

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