Abstract
The study of space-weather effects and more specifically Forbush decreases of the cosmic-ray intensity depends on space and ground measurements. Very often Forbush decreases and geomagnetic storms are accompanied by pre-increases and/or pre-decreases manifested in cosmic-ray behavior, known as precursory signs. These cosmic-ray intensity variations do not coincide with the shock arrival but begin well before (up to 24 hours) the onset of the main event. In this study a group of large Forbush decreases with amplitude ≥ 4% was examined for precursors. According to the helio-longitude of the solar source, the events were separated into three categories: western (\(21^{\circ} \leq \) helio-longitude ≤ 60∘), eastern (\(-60^{\circ} \leq \) helio-longitude \(\leq -21^{\circ}\)), and central (\(-20^{\circ} \leq \) helio-longitude \(\leq 20^{\circ}\)). The selected events cover 1967 – 2017. The analysis of the Forbush decreases and the plotting of the asymptotic longitudinal cosmic-ray distribution diagrams were based on the “Global Survey Method” and the “Ring of Stations” method, respectively. Data on solar flares, solar-wind speed, interplanetary magnetic field, and geomagnetic indices (Kp and Dst) were also used. The results show the clear signs of precursors in a significant number of events.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abunin, A., Abunina, M., Belov, A., Eroshenko, E., Oleneva, V., Yanke, V.: 2013, J. Phys. CS-409, 012165. DOI.
Abunin, A.A., Abunina, M.A., Belov, A.V., Chertok, I.M.: 2020, Solar Phys. 295, 7. DOI.
Abunina, M., Abunin, A., Belov, A., Eroshenko, E., Asipenka, A., Oleneva, V., Yanke, V.: 2013, Geomag. Aeron. 53, 10. DOI.
Abunina, M., Belov, A., Eroshenko, E., Abunin, A., Yanke, V., Melkumyan, A.A., Shlyk, N.S., Pryamushkina, I.I.: 2020, Solar Phys. 295, 69. DOI.
Agarwal, R., Mishra, R.: 2008, Phys. Lett. B 664, 31. DOI.
Alania, M., Wawrzynczak, A.: 2008, Astrophys. Space Sci. Trans. 4, 59. DOI.
Asipenka, A., Belov, A.V., Eroshenko, E., Mavromichalaki, H., Papailiou, M., Papaioannou, A., Oleneva, V., Yanke, V.G.: 2009 In: Proc. 31st ICRC. 4, Lodz, 3100.
Badruddin, B., Aslam, O.P.M., Derouich, M., Asiri, H., Kudela, K.: 2019, Space Weather 17, 487. DOI.
Belov, A.V.: 2008, In: Gopalswamy, N., Webb, D.F. (eds.) Universal Heliophysical Processes, Proc. IAU Symp. 257, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 439. DOI.
Belov, A.V., Dorman, L.I., Eroshenko, E.A., Iucci, N., Villoresi, G., Yanke, V.G.: 1995, In: Iucci, N., Lamanna, E. (eds.) Proc. 24th ICRC, Internat. Union Pure Appl. Phys. 4, 888.
Belov, A.V., Bieber, J.W., Eroshenko, E.A., Evenson, P., Pyle, R., Yanke, V.G.: 2001, In: Droege, W., Kunow, H., Scholer, M. (eds.) Proc. 27th ICRC, Internat. Union Pure Appl. Phys. 9, 3507.
Belov, A.V., Bieber, J.W., Eroshenko, E.A., Evenson, P., Pyle, R., Yanke, V.G.: 2003, Adv. Space Res. 31, 919. DOI.
Belov, A., Abunin, A., Abunina, M., Eroshenko, E., Oleneva, V., Yanke, V., Papaioannou, A., Mavromichalaki, H., Gopalswamy, N., Yashiro, S.: 2014, Solar Phys. 289, 3949. DOI.
Belov, A., Abunin, A., Abunina, M., Eroshenko, E., Oleneva, V., Yanke, V., Papaioannou, A., Mavromichalaki, H.: 2015, Solar Phys. 290, 1429. DOI.
Belov, A., Eroshenko, E., Yanke, V., Oleneva, V., Abunin, A., Abunina, M., Papaioannou, A., Mavromichalaki, H.: 2018, Solar Phys. 293, 68. DOI.
Calisto, M., Usoskin, I., Rozanov, E., Peter, T.: 2011, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11, 4547. DOI.
Cane, H.: 2000, Space Sci. Rev. 93, 55. DOI.
Dorman, L.I.: 1974, Cosmic Rays, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Dorman, L.I.: 2005, Ann. Geophys. 23, 2997. DOI.
Dorman, L.I., Belov, A.V., Eroshenko, E.A., Pustil’nik, L.A., Sternlieb, A., Yanke, V.G., Zukerman, I.G.: 2003, In: Kajita, T., Asaoka, Y., Kawachi, A., Matsubara, Y., Sasaki, M. (eds.) Proc. 28th ICRC, Internat. Union Pure App. Physics 6, 3553.
Hathaway, D.: 2015, Liv. Rev. Solar Phys. DOI.
Kaminer, N.S., Kuzmicheva, A.E., Mymrina, N.V.: 1981, Geomag. Aeron. 21, 358.
Kryakunova, O., Belov, A., Abunin, A., Abunina, M., Eroshenko, E., Malimbayev, A., Tsepakina, I., Yanke, V.: 2015, J. Phys. CS-632, 012062.
Kudela, K., Storini, M.: 2006, Adv. Space Res. 37, 1443. DOI.
Kuzmicheva, A.E., Dorman, L.I., Kaminer, N.S.: 1972, Geomag. Aeron. 12, 525.
Leerungnavarat, K., Ruffolo, D., Bieber, J.W.: 2003, Astrophys. J. 593, 587. DOI.
Lingri, D., Mavromichalaki, H., Belov, A., Abunin, A.: 2019, Solar Phys. 294, 70. DOI.
Lockwood, J.A.: 1971, Space Sci. Rev. 12, 658. DOI.
Mavromichalaki, H.: 2012, In: Maris, G., Demetrescu, C. (eds.) Adv. Solar Solar-Terr. 135. cosray.phys.uoa.gr/publications/D95.pdf.
Mavromichalaki, H., Belehaki, A., Rafios, X., Tsagouri, I.: 1997, Astrophys. Space Sci. 246, 7. DOI.
Melkumyan, A., Belov, A., Abunina, M., Abunin, A., Eroshenko, E., Oleneva, V., Yanke, V.: 2018, Geomag. Aeron. 58, 615. DOI.
Melkumyan, A., Belov, A., Abunina, M., Abunin, A., Eroshenko, E., Oleneva, V., Yanke, V.: 2019, J. Solar-Terr. Phys. 5, 28. DOI.
Munakata, K., Bieber, J.W., Yasue, S., Kato, C., Koyama, M., Akahane, S., Fujimoto, K., Fujii, Z., Humble, J.E., Duldig, M.L.: 2000, J. Geophys. Res. 105, 27457. DOI.
Nagashima, K., Fujimoto, K., Morishita, I.: 1994, J. Geophys. Res. 99(A11), 21419. DOI.
Nagashima, K., Sakakibara, S., Fujimoto, K., Tatsuoka, R., Morishita, I.: 1990, Nuovo Cimento C 13, 551. DOI.
Papailiou, M., Mavromichalaki, H., Belov, A., Eroshenko, E., Yanke, V.: 2012a, Solar Phys. 276, 337. DOI.
Papailiou, M., Mavromichalaki, H., Belov, A., Eroshenko, E., Yanke, V.: 2012b, Solar Phys. 280, 641. DOI.
Papailiou, M., Abunina, M., Mavromichalaki, H., Belov, A., Eroshenko, E., Yanke, V., Kryakunova, O.: 2013, Solar Phys. 283, 557. DOI.
Papailiou, M., Abunina, M., Belov, A., Eroshenko, E., Yanke, V., Mavromichalaki, H.: 2020, Solar Phys. 295, 164. DOI.
Papaioannou, A., Malandraki, O., Belov, A., Skoug, R., Mavromichalaki, H., Eroshenko, E., Abunin, A., Lepri, S.: 2010, Solar Phys. 266, 181. DOI.
Prince, A.M., Thomas, S., Jon, E., Jayapandian, D.: 2013, Int. J. Sci. Res. Pub. 3. www.ijsrp.org/research-paper-0213.php?rp=P14742.
Ruffolo, D., Bieber, J.W., Evenson, P., Pyle, R.: 1999, In: Kieda, D., Salamon, M., Dingus, B. (eds.) Proc. 26th ICRC, Internat. Union Pure App. Phys. 6, 440.
Simpson, J.: 2000, Space Sci. Rev. 93, 1. DOI.
Acknowledgements
We greatfully acknowledge the contribution of all the neutron-monitor station teams of the NMDB database (www.nmdb.eu) for providing high-resolution cosmic-ray data. The authors from IZMIRAN wish to acknowledge the support of the Russian Science Foundation under grant 20-72-10023. This work is based on the experimental data of the “Russian National Network of Cosmic Ray Stations” (SCR Network). The project ISEST/MiniMax24 (International Study of Earth-affecting Solar Transients) in the VarSITI has partly supported this study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Papailiou, M., Abunina, M., Mavromichalaki, H. et al. Precursory Signs of Large Forbush Decreases. Sol Phys 296, 100 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-021-01844-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-021-01844-y