Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Extended Emission of Cosmic Gamma-Ray Bursts Detected in the SPI-ACS/INTEGRAL Experiment

  • Published:
Astronomy Letters Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We have carried out a systematic analysis of the light curves of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected in the SPI-ACS experiment onboard the INTEGRAL observatory to search for extended emission. The emission occasionally recorded after the prompt active phase of a GRB in the form of an emission that is longer than the active phase and less intense is called the extended one. Out of the 739 brightest GRBs recorded from 2002 to 2017, extended emission has been detected in \({\sim}20\%\) of the individual light curves; its maximum duration reaches 10 000 s. Two different types of extended emission have been revealed. One of them is an additional component of the light curve, which is described by a power law (PL) with an index of \(\alpha\sim{-}1\) close to the PL index of the afterglow in the optical and X-ray bands. The second type can be described by a steeper PL decay of the light curve typical of the active burst phase. Extended emission has also been found in the combined light curve of long GRBs in the individual curves of which no extended emission has been detected. The PL index of the extended emission in the combined light curve is \(\alpha\sim{-}2.4\). It is most likely associated with the superposition of light curves at the active phase; its total duration is 800 s.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. https://www.isdc.unige.ch/savchenk/spiacs-online/spiacs-ipnlc.pl.

  2. http://www.ssl.berkeley.edu/ipn3/masterli.txt.

REFERENCES

  1. B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, T. Adams, P. Addesso, R. X. Adhikari, et al., Astrophys. J. 848, L12 (2017).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. M. V. Barkov and A. S. Pozanenko, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 417, 2161 (2011).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. P. N. Bhat, C. A. Meegan, A. von Kienlin, W. S. Paciesas, M. S. Briggs, J. M. Burgess, E. Burns, V. Chaplin, W. H. Cleveland, et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 223, 28 (2016).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. B. Biltzinger, F. Kunzweiler, J. Greiner, K. Toelge, and J. M. Burgess, Astron. Astrophys. 640, A8 (2020).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. G. S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan and A. S. Pozanenko, Astrophys. Space Sci. 332, 57 (2011).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. Z. F. Bostanci, Y. Kaneko, and E. Göğüs, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 428, 1623 (2013).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. R. A. Burenin, Astron. Lett. 26, 269 (2000).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. R. A. Burenin, A. A. Vikhlinin, M. R. Gilfanov, O. V. Terekhov, A. Yu. Tkachenko, S. Yu. Sazonov, E. M. Churazov, R. A. Sunyaev, P. Goldoni, et al., Astron. Astrophys. 344, L53 (1999).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. R. A. Burenin, O. V. Terekhov, R. A. Sunyaev, A. V. Dyachkov, G. Khavenson, B. S. Novikov, I. D. Tserein, K. M. Sukhanov, P. Goldoni, A. Claret, A. Goldwurm, J. Paul, F. Pelaez, E. Jourdain, J. P. Roques, and G. Vedrenne, Astron. Lett. 26, 413 (2000).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. V. Connaughton, Astrophys. J. 567, 1028 (2002).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. D. D. Frederiks, R. L. Aptekar, S. V. Golenetskii, V. N. Il’inskii, E. P. Mazets, V. D. Palśhin, and T. L. Cline, in Proceedings of the 3rd Rome Workshop on Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era, ASP Conf. Ser. 312, 197 (2004).

  12. N. Gehrels, J. P. Norris, V. Mangano, S. D. Barthelmy, D. N. Burrows, J. Granot, Y. Kaneko, C. Kouveliotou, C. B. Markwardt, et al., Nature (London, U.K.) 444, 1044 (2006).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. B. Gendre, G. Stratta, J. L. Atteia, S. Basa, M. Boër, D. M. Coward, S. Cutini, V. DÉlia, and E. J. Howell, arXiv: 1308.1001 (2013).

  14. T. W. Giblin, J. van Paradijs, C. Kouveliotou, V. Connaughton, R. A. M. J. Wijers, M. S. Briggs, R. D. Preece, and G. J. Fishman, AIP Conf. Proc. 526, 394 (2000).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. B. P. Gompertz, P. T. O’Brien, G. A. Wynn, and A. Rowlinson, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 431, 1745 (2013).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. O. Gottlieb, E. Nakar, T. Piran, and K. Hotokezaka, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 479, 588 (2018).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. HETE Table. https://space.mit.edu/HETE/Bursts/ Data/. Accessed 2006.

  18. K. Hurley. http://www.ssl.berkeley.edu/ipn3/masterli.txt. Accessed 2008.

  19. Y. Kaneko, Z. F. Bostanci, E. Göğüs, and L. Lin, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 452, 824 (2015).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. A. von Kienlin, V. Beckmann, A. Rau, N. Arend, K. Bennett, B. McBreen, P. Connell, S. Deluit, L. Hanlon, et al., Astron. Astrophys. 411, L299 (2003).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. R. W. Klebesadel, I. B. Strong, and R. A. Olson, Astrophys. J. 182, L85 (1973).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. T. M. Koshut, W. S. Paciesas, C. Kouveliotou, J. van Paradijs, G. N. Pendleton, G. J. Fishman, and C. A. Meegan, Astrophys. J. 463, 570 (1996).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. C. Kouveliotou, C. A. Meegan, G. J. Fishman, N. P. Bhat, M. S. Briggs, T. M. Koshut, W. S. Paciesas, and G. N. Pendleton, Astrophys. J. 413, L101 (1993).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. D. Lazzati, E. Ramirez-Ruiz, and G. Ghisellini, Astron. Astrophys. 379, L39 (2001).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. A. R. Liddle, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 377, L74 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. E. P. Mazets, S. V. Golenetskii, V. N. Il’inskii, V. N. Panov, R. L. Aptekar, Yu. A. Guryan, M. P. Proskura, I. A. Sokolov, Z. Ya. Sokolova, et al., Astrophys. Space Sci. 80, 119 (1981).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. E. P. Mazets, R. L. Aptekar, D. D. Frederiks, S. V. Golenetskii, V. N. Il’inskii, V. D. Palshin, T. L. Cline, and P. S. Butterworth, arXiv: astro-ph/0209219 (2002).

  28. P. Meszaros and M. J. Rees, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 257, 29P (1992).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. B. D. Metzger, E. Quataert, and T. A. Thompson, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 385, 1455 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. P. Minaev, A. Pozanenko, and V. Loznikov, Astron. Lett. 36, 707 (2010a).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. P. Minaev, A. Pozanenko, and V. Loznikov, Astrophys. Bull. 65, 343 (2010b).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. P. Minaev and A. Pozanenko, Astron. Lett. 43, 1 (2017).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. P. Minaev and A. Pozanenko, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 492, 1919 (2020).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. P. Yu. Minaev, S. A. Grebenev, A. S. Pozanenko, S. V. Molkov, D. D. Frederiks, and S. V. Golenetskii, Astron. Lett. 38, 613 (2012).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. P. Yu. Minaev, A. S. Pozanenko, S. V. Molkov, and S. A. Grebenev, Astron. Lett. 40, 235 (2014).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. J. P. Norris, N. Gehrels, and J. D. Scargle, Astrophys. J. 735, 23 (2011).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. B. Paczyński, Astrophys. J. 308, L43 (1986).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. A. S. Pozanenko, M. V. Barkov, P. Y. Minaev, A. A. Volnova, E. D. Mazaeva, A. S. Moskvitin, M. A. Krugov, V. A. Samodurov, V. M. Loznikov, and M. Lyutikov, Astrophys. J. 852, L30 (2018).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. A. S. Pozanenko, P. Yu. Minaev, S. A. Grebenev, and I. V. Chelovekov, Astron. Lett. 45, 710 (2019).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. A. Rau, A. V. Kienlin, K. Hurley, and G. G. Lichti, Astron. Astrophys. 438, 1175 (2005).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. J. Ripa, A. Meszaros, C. Wigger, D. Huja, R. Hudec, and W. Hajdas, Astron. Astrophys. 312, 399 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. M. Ronchi, F. Fumagalli, M. E. Ravasio, G. Oganesyan, M. Toffano, O. S. Salafia, L. Nava, S. Ascenzi, G. Ghirlanda, and G. Ghisellini, Astron. Astrophys. 636, A55 (2019).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. F. Ryde, L. Borgonovo, S. Larsson, N. Lund, A. von Kienlin, and G. Licht, Astron. Astrophys. 411, L331 (2003).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. D. S. Svinkin, D. D. Frederiks, R. L. Aptekar, S. V. Golenetskii, V. D. Palśhin, Ph. P. Oleynik, A. E. Tsvetkova, M. V. Ulanov, T. L. Cline, and K. Hurley, Astrophys. Space Sci. 224, 10 (2016).

    Google Scholar 

  45. Swift GRB Table. https://swift.gsfc.nasa.gov/archive/grb_table. Accessed 2008.

  46. A. Yu. Tkachenko, O. V. Terekhov, R. A. Sunyaev, R. A. Burenin, C. Barat, J. P. Dezalay, and G. Vedrenne, Astron. Astrophys. 358, L41 (2000).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  47. A. Tsvetkova, D. Frederiks, S. Golenetskii, A. Lysenko, P. Oleynik, V. Palśhin, D. Svinkin, M. Ulanov, T. Cline, et al., Astrophys. J. 850, 161 (2017).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. D. Vigano and S. Mereghetti, astro-ph/0912.5329 (2009).

  49. D. C. Warren, M. V. Barkov, H. Ito, S. Nagataki, and T. Laskar, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 480, 4060 (2018).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  50. S. E. Woosley, Astrophys. J. 405, 273 (1993).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by RSF grant no. 18-12-00378.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya ul. 84/32, Moscow, 117997, Russia

    G. Yu. Mozgunov, P. Yu. Minaev & A. S. Pozanenko

  2. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii per. 9, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow oblast, 141701, Russia

    G. Yu. Mozgunov, P. Yu. Minaev & A. S. Pozanenko

Authors
  1. G. Yu. Mozgunov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. P. Yu. Minaev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. S. Pozanenko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to G. Yu. Mozgunov.

Additional information

Translated by V. Astakhov

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mozgunov, G.Y., Minaev, P.Y. & Pozanenko, A.S. Extended Emission of Cosmic Gamma-Ray Bursts Detected in the SPI-ACS/INTEGRAL Experiment. Astron. Lett. 47, 150–162 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063773721030038

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063773721030038

Keywords:

Search

Navigation