Gravitational-wave physics with Cosmic Explorer: Limits to low-frequency sensitivity

Evan D. Hall, Kevin Kuns, Joshua R. Smith, Yuntao Bai, Christopher Wipf, Sebastien Biscans, Rana X Adhikari, Koji Arai, Stefan Ballmer, Lisa Barsotti, Yanbei Chen, Matthew Evans, Peter Fritschel, Jan Harms, Brittany Kamai, Jameson Graef Rollins, David Shoemaker, Bram J. J. Slagmolen, Rainer Weiss, and Hiro Yamamoto
Phys. Rev. D 103, 122004 – Published 21 June 2021

Abstract

Cosmic Explorer is a next-generation ground-based gravitational-wave observatory concept, envisioned to begin operation in the 2030s and expected to be capable of observing binary neutron star and black hole mergers back to the time of the first stars. Cosmic Explorer’s sensitive band will extend below 10 Hz, where the design is predominantly limited by geophysical, thermal, and quantum noises. In this work, thermal, seismic, gravity-gradient, quantum, residual gas, scattered-light, and servo-control noises are analyzed in order to motivate facility and vacuum system design requirements, potential test mass suspensions, Newtonian noise reduction strategies, improved inertial sensors, and cryogenic control requirements. Our analysis shows that, with improved technologies, Cosmic Explorer can deliver a strain sensitivity better than 1023Hz1/2 down to 5 Hz. Our work refines and extends previous analysis of the Cosmic Explorer concept and outlines the key research areas needed to make this observatory a reality.

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  • Received 24 January 2021
  • Accepted 13 May 2021

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.103.122004

© 2021 American Physical Society

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Gravitation, Cosmology & Astrophysics

Authors & Affiliations

Evan D. Hall1, Kevin Kuns1, Joshua R. Smith2, Yuntao Bai3, Christopher Wipf4, Sebastien Biscans4,1, Rana X Adhikari4, Koji Arai4, Stefan Ballmer5, Lisa Barsotti1, Yanbei Chen3, Matthew Evans1, Peter Fritschel1, Jan Harms6,7, Brittany Kamai8,9, Jameson Graef Rollins4, David Shoemaker1, Bram J. J. Slagmolen10, Rainer Weiss1, and Hiro Yamamoto4

  • 1LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
  • 2Nicholas and Lee Begovich Center for Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
  • 3Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
  • 4LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
  • 5Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
  • 6Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
  • 7INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
  • 8Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
  • 9Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
  • 10OzGrav, ANU Centre for Gravitational Astrophysics, Research Schools of Physics, and Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia

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Issue

Vol. 103, Iss. 12 — 15 June 2021

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