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Analytical study on the primary and secondary organic carbon and elemental carbon in the particulate matter at the high-altitude Monte Curcio GAW station, Italy

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Abstract

This study provides a thorough investigation of the trends of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in particulate matter (PM)10 and PM2.5 samples collected at the Monte Curcio Observatory (1780 m a.s.l.), a station of the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) program and Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS) network. Although the drawn attention toward these pollutants, there is still a lack of data for southern Italy, and this work is a contribution toward the filling of this gap. PM was sampled daily in 2016 and analyzed by thermo-optical transmittance method, while equivalent black carbon (eBC) concentrations in PM10 were simultaneously measured using a multiangle absorption photometer. The results showed that in PM10, the average values of OC and EC were 1.43 μgC/m3 and 0.12 μgC/m3, whereas in PM2.5, these concentrations were 1.09 μgC/m3 and 0.12 μgC/m3, respectively. We detected a clear seasonal variability in OC and EC with higher concentrations during the warm period. Moreover, the analysis of the OC/EC ratio revealed that most of the carbonaceous aerosol was transported by long-range air masses, as further confirmed by the use of the concentration-weighed trajectory (CWT) model. The mass absorption cross-section at 632 nm of EC (MACEC) over the entire period was 9.67 ± 4.86 m2/g and 8.70 ± 3.18 m2/g in PM2.5 and PM10, respectively, and did not exhibit a clear seasonal variation. The concentrations for OC and EC were also used for the computation of the secondary organic carbon (SOC) content, whose outcomes resulted in a seasonal trend similar to those obtained for OC and EC. As regards the eBC, its weekly pattern showed a slight increase during the weekend in the warm period, consistent with the anthropic activities in the touristic area surrounding the observatory.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The NOAA Air Resources Laboratory is kindly acknowledged for the provision of the HYSPLIT back trajectories and PBL height simulations. The authors would like to acknowledge the Barcelona Supercomputing Center for the provision of the dust concentration profiles from DREAM8b model data.

Funding

This research was funded by the European Commission—H2020—the ERA-PLANET program (www.era-planet.eu; contract no. 689443) within the IGOSP project (www.igosp.eu).

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  1. CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Rende, Italy

    Sacha Moretti, Antonella Tassone, Virginia Andreoli, Francesco Carbone, Nicola Pirrone, Francesca Sprovieri & Attilio Naccarato

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  1. Sacha Moretti
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  2. Antonella Tassone
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  3. Virginia Andreoli
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Contributions

Sacha Moretti: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, data curation, writing the original draft, and writing — review and editing. Antonella Tassone: investigation, writing the original draft, and writing — review and editing. Virginia Andreoli: investigation. Francesco Carbone: investigation and writing — review and editing. Nicola Pirrone: funding acquisition. Francesca Sprovieri: funding acquisition. Attilio Naccarato: conceptualization, methodology, data curation, writing — review and editing, and supervision.

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Correspondence to Attilio Naccarato.

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Moretti, S., Tassone, A., Andreoli, V. et al. Analytical study on the primary and secondary organic carbon and elemental carbon in the particulate matter at the high-altitude Monte Curcio GAW station, Italy. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 60221–60234 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15014-x

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