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CiTFL1 and CiWUS Expression Provides Clues to the Mechanism of Flower Number Regulation in the Lateral Cincinni of Canna indica, a Zingiberales Species with Variable Inflorescence Architecture

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Abstract

Flowers of Canna indica (Cannaceae) are arranged in 1- or 2-flowered cincinni along the inflorescence branches. Compared with the compound branches bearing 2-flowered cincinni, the more frequent 1-flowered type have simpler structures during anthesis. The lateral cincinnus meristem (CM) has been traditionally described as terminating at the second floral meristem (FM2), which may cease development later. In this research, however, we found that the CM could produce more floral structures after FM2. When the CM was separating from FM1, the phase transition regulator CiTFL1 was expressed more evidently in the CM than in the latter. The constant expression of CiTFL1 also supports the continuous existence rather than intermittent renewal of the CM. While CiWUS, which is thought to function in maintaining the meristem, had relatively low expression levels in the secondary CM and the subsequent FM2, probably indicating the future abortion of this flower. These results suggest that CiTFL1 and CiWUS may participate in controlling the flower number of the cincinnus through regulating identity transformation and maintenance of the meristems, respectively, thus affecting the inflorescence architecture.

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Data Availability

Supplementary data to this article can be found in Online Resource 1: Primers for qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation [Grant No. 2019A1515110029] and National Science and Technology Infrastructure Program of China [Grant No. 2015FY210100].

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XT designed the research. TZ, HZ, QY and XT performed the experiments. XT analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript. JL coordinated all tasks. All authors participated in the revision of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Xueyi Tian.

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Zhao, T., Zhao, H., Yu, Q. et al. CiTFL1 and CiWUS Expression Provides Clues to the Mechanism of Flower Number Regulation in the Lateral Cincinni of Canna indica, a Zingiberales Species with Variable Inflorescence Architecture. J Plant Growth Regul 41, 1800–1807 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10410-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10410-6

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