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Exhumation of an anatectic complex by channel flow and extrusion tectonics: structural and metamorphic evidence from the Porto–Viseu Metamorphic Belt, Central-Iberian Zone

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Abstract

Structural and metamorphic analyses of the Porto–Viseu Metamorphic Belt (PVMB), an anatectic complex located in the Central-Iberian Zone (CIZ), Iberian Variscan Massif, constrain the kinematic features of the polyphase Variscan deformation, as well as the boundary conditions associated with the exhumation and emplacement of the belt onto the CIZ’s lower-grade metasediments. A sharp metamorphic contrast is evident between the lowest grade rocks of the anatectic complex—garnet-staurolite mylonitic schists with a minimum metamorphic peak at P = 5.7 kbar and T = 635 °C—and the host chlorite-biotite metasediments of the CIZ. Additional P–T estimates for metatexites in the PVMB provided P = 7.6–7.9 kbar and T = 770–810 °C, confirming high-grade metamorphic peak conditions. The temperature jump between the anatectic complex and the low-grade host rocks exceeds 400 °C if the anatectic core of the belt (metatexites, diatexites, and S-type granites) is considered, implying a vertical difference of 10–17 km. The PVMB is limited in the NE by a D2 shear zone displaying normal kinematics, which has been explained so far by extensional tectonics. However, the SW boundary is limited by a D2 shear zone showing reverse kinematics. This pair of coeval and antithetical ductile shear zones bordering the PVMB, associated with the increase of the metamorphic grade towards the axial domain of the belt, is consistent with anatectic channel flow, followed by extrusion tectonics of the PVMB within an overall D2 compressive setting.

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Acknowledgements

This work is a contribution to LNEG’s institutional Project PETROGEO that supported field work, data sampling, analytical work and the corresponding author with a previous post-doc grant. FCT Pest programme (Pest-OE/CTE/UI0263/2011) also provided financial support for the fieldwork. The authors are grateful to Rogério Raposo, Cyntia Mourão and Pedro Rodrigues for long-term logistic support and to UTE – PLANAGEO for supporting J.F. Rodrigues and T. Bento dos Santos during the preparation of the article. This publication was supported by FCT through Project UID/GEO/50019/2013 and Project UIDB/50019/2020 – IDL. The authors are grateful to the Editor in Chief Prof. Wolf-Christian Dullo, the Editor Prof. Ingo Braun, and three anonymous reviewers for providing very helpful and insightful reviews with many comments and suggestions, therefore, improving our work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749–016, Lisbon, Portugal

    T. Bento dos Santos, B. Cotrim, J. A. Ferreira & A. Ribeiro

  2. DG-FCUL, Departamento de Geologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal

    T. Bento dos Santos & A. Ribeiro

  3. LNEG – Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, 2720-866, Amadora, Portugal

    J. F. Rodrigues, P. Castro, C. Meireles, N. Ferreira & F. Guimarães

  4. FEUP – Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal

    J. F. Rodrigues

  5. Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, IRD, OPGC, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France

    I. Pereira

  6. ICT – Instituto de Ciências da Terra, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal

    P. Ferreira

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  1. T. Bento dos Santos
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Correspondence to T. Bento dos Santos.

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Bento dos Santos, T., Rodrigues, J.F., Castro, P. et al. Exhumation of an anatectic complex by channel flow and extrusion tectonics: structural and metamorphic evidence from the Porto–Viseu Metamorphic Belt, Central-Iberian Zone. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 110, 2179–2201 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-021-02067-z

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