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Allelopathic Inhibition Effects of Myriophyllum spicatum on Growths of Bloom-Forming Cyanobacteria and Other Phytoplankton Species in Coexistence Experiments

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Abstract

Many studies have attempted to find measures for control of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) caused by Microcystis, Anabaena, and other bloom-forming plankton species. We have investigated allelopathic inhibition of the submerged macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum on four phytoplankton species of two taxonomic groups: Chlorophyta Selenastrum capricornutum, Scenedesmus obliquus, and cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa (different strains for toxic, non-toxic, the North Han River originated (NHR) and colonies) and Anabaena circinalis. Inhibitions of unicellular cyanobacteria M. aeruginosa were over 50% for three consecutive days from the 3rd to the 5th day of the coexistence. M. spicatum even inhibited M. aeruginosa at a high initial concentration (1.1 mg L−1 Chl-a). Moreover, M. aeruginosa in a mixture of four phytoplankton species (S. capricornutum, S. obliquus, M. aeruginosa and A. circinalis) was selectively inhibited by M. spicatum. The inhibition of toxic, non-toxic, and NHR of Microcystis by M. spicatum were not significantly different. Colonial cyanobacteria strains were mostly not inhibited by M. spicatum.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea [2016R1A2B4015235].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Science, Ajou University, 201 Woncheon Hall, 206, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea

    Seonah Jeong & Sangkyu Park

  2. Department of Ecology and Conservation, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, 33662, Republic of Korea

    Dongwoo Yang

  3. Division of Ecological Information, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon, 33657, Republic of Korea

    Sungbae Joo

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  1. Seonah Jeong
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Correspondence to Sangkyu Park.

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12374_2021_9322_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Supplementary file1 Supplementary Fig. 1. Chlorophyll a based relative biomass of a green algal species Parachlorella sp. and a cyanobacteria species Synechocystis sp. from individual coexistence experiments with M. spicatum. Error bars show standard errors (n = 5). Student t tests, Welch’s t tests (when non-homogeneity of variance was found) and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests (for non-parametric data) were performed at 0.05 significance level, and differences between control (without M. spicatum) and treated group (with M. spicatum) on each day are indicated by asterisks. Apical shoot 8 cm of M. spicatum and 50 ml of unialgal cultures for each test vial were used for the experiments (M. spicatum for Parachlorella sp.: 0.24 g dw L−1, ± 0.02, M. spicatum for Synechocystis sp.: 0.37 g dw L−1, ± 0.01 at the end of the experiments). Two algal species were cultivated in 3NBBM. (TIF 12242 kb)

12374_2021_9322_MOESM2_ESM.tif

Supplementary file2 Supplementary Fig. 2 Chlorophyll a based inhibition (%) of three different strains of M. aeruginosa (toxin strain: UTEX 2385, non-toxin: UTEX 2386, the North Han River originated: NHR) from coexistence experiments with M. spicatum. Error bars show standard errors (n = 5). Different small letters indicate significant differences among the three strains assessed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with subsequent post hoc analysis (Tukey’s HSD test) and non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test with subsequent Bonferroni test, p < 0.05. (TIF 3579 kb)

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Jeong, S., Yang, D., Joo, S. et al. Allelopathic Inhibition Effects of Myriophyllum spicatum on Growths of Bloom-Forming Cyanobacteria and Other Phytoplankton Species in Coexistence Experiments. J. Plant Biol. 64, 501–510 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12374-021-09322-5

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