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Do biochar and polyacrylamide have synergistic effect on net denitrification and ammonia volatilization in saline soils?

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Abstract

Salt-affected soils have poor structure and physicochemical properties, which affect soil nitrogen cycling process closely related to the environment, such as denitrification and ammonia volatilization. Biochar and polyacrylamide (PAM) have been widely used as soil amendments to improve soil physicochemical properties. However, how they affect denitrification and ammonia volatilization in saline soils is unclear. In this study, the denitrification and ammonia volatilization rates were measured in a saline soil field ameliorated with three biochar application rates (0%, 2%, and 5%, w/w) and three PAM application rates (0‰, 0.4‰, and 1‰, w/w) over 3 years. The results showed that denitrification rates decreased by 23.63–39.60% with biochar application, whereas ammonia volatilization rates increased by 9.82–25.58%. The denitrification and ammonia volatilization rates decreased by 9.87–29.08% and 11.39–19.42%, respectively, following PAM addition. However, there was no significant synergistic effect of biochar and PAM amendments on the denitrification and ammonia volatilization rates. The addition of biochar mainly reduced the denitrification rate by regulating the dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity of overlying water and absorbing soil nitrate nitrogen. Meanwhile, biochar application increased pH and stimulated the transfer of NH4+–N from soil to overlying water, thus increasing NH3 volatilization rates. Hence, there was a tradeoff between denitrification and NH3 volatilization in the saline soils induced by biochar application. PAM reduced the denitrification rate by increasing the infiltration inorganic nitrogen and slowing the conversion of ammonium to nitrate. Moreover, PAM reduced the concentration of NH4+–N in the overlying water through absorbing soil ammonium and inhibiting urea hydrolysis, thereby decreasing NH3 volatilization rate.

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Data availability

The datasets analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U20A20113 and 51779245), and the Water Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu Province (grant number 2020067).

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  1. College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China

    Yongchun Pan, Dongli She, Zhenqi Shi & Xinyi Chen

  2. Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China

    Yongqiu Xia

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Yongchun Pan performed the data analysis and interpretation of the results and wrote and organized the article. Dongli She, the project leader, conceived and designed the analysis, contributed for data analysis, and contributed to the final version of the manuscript. Zhenqi Shi and Xinyi Chen performed the experiments and data analysis as well as the interpretation of the results. Yongqiu Xia contributed to the experimental design and critical revision of the manuscript.

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Pan, Y., She, D., Shi, Z. et al. Do biochar and polyacrylamide have synergistic effect on net denitrification and ammonia volatilization in saline soils?. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 59974–59987 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14886-3

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