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Silurian to early Permian slab melting and crustal growth in the southern Altaids: insights from adakites and associated mineral deposits in the Dananhu arc, Eastern Tianshan, NW China

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Abstract

The mechanics of crustal growth in the Altaids during the Phanerozoic is still not well understood. This paper reports new geochronological, geochemical, and isotopic data from Paleozoic adakitic intrusions in the Dananhu arc in the Chinese Eastern Tianshan with the aim of better understanding the specific mechanisms of crustal growth. Our new LA-ICPMS U–Pb zircon age data show that four phases of adakitic intrusions formed at 410–413 Ma, 385–387 Ma, 335 Ma, and 313–311 Ma. Combined with previous data of ours and from the literature, there were seven phases of adakitic intrusions from the Silurian to early Permian. All these adakitic intrusions have distinctive geochemical-isotopic signatures with high Na and Al, high Sr, low Yb and Y, high Sr/Y and (La/Yb)N values, relatively high MgO contents and Mg numbers (Mg# = 41–70), high abundances of compatible elements (Cr = 1.66–46.30 ppm, Ni = 2.40–26.96 ppm), and positive high εHf (t) (+ 7.1 to + 15.6) and a TDM (Ma) range from 325 to 670 Ma. These adakitic intrusions were associated with essential Cu polymetallic mineralization in the Dananhu arc. The above chemical data and relations indicate that the processes of oceanic slab melting generated these adakitic rocks. Our new geochronological, geochemical and isotopic data, integrated with the geology of the Dananhu intra-oceanic arc, lead us to conclude that multiphase of hot/young oceanic crust subduction and melting generated the massive crustal growth in the Silurian–early Permian. Our results indicate that the magmas were derived by slab melting of hot/young oceanic crust, which was one of the most critical mechanisms of continental crustal growth in the Paleozoic accretionary orogen of the Altaids.

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41888101, 41822204), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC0601201), the Chinese Ministry of Land and Resources for the Public Welfare Industry Research (201411026-1), the “Light of West China” Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (2017-XBQNXZ-B-013, 2018-XBYJRC-003), and the Project of China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences, CAS (131551KYSB20200021). This is a contribution to IGCP 622.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Xinjiang Research Center for Mineral Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China

    Qigui Mao, Wenjiao Xiao, Miao Sang, Zhou Tan, Hao Wang & Rui Li

  2. Redrock Mining. C.O., Ltd., Hami, 839000, China

    Qigui Mao

  3. State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China

    Songjian Ao, Dongfang Song & Wenjiao Xiao

  4. College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Songjian Ao, Dongfang Song & Wenjiao Xiao

  5. China–Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Songjian Ao & Wenjiao Xiao

  6. School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, The University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK

    Brian F. Windley

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  1. Qigui Mao
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Correspondence to Qigui Mao, Songjian Ao or Wenjiao Xiao.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

531_2021_2062_MOESM1_ESM.doc

Supplementary Appendix Table 1 Zircon U–Pb dating results for zircon grains from the adakitic granites in the Dananhu arc, NW China (DOC 337 KB)

531_2021_2062_MOESM2_ESM.doc

Supplementary Appendix Table 2 The major (wt%), trace element (ppm) results for the adakitic granites in the Dananhu arc, NW China. Symbols * data after Mao et al. 2019a, b (DOC 302 KB)

531_2021_2062_MOESM3_ESM.doc

Supplementary Appendix Table 3 Zircon Lu–Hf isotopic data for the adakitic granites in the Dananhu arc, NW China (DOC 334 KB)

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Mao, Q., Ao, S., Song, D. et al. Silurian to early Permian slab melting and crustal growth in the southern Altaids: insights from adakites and associated mineral deposits in the Dananhu arc, Eastern Tianshan, NW China. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 110, 2115–2131 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-021-02062-4

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