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Computational fluid dynamic analysis of mass transfer and hydrodynamics in a planetary centrifugal bioreactor

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Abstract

Planetary centrifugal bioreactors are promising candidates for cell culture platforms since there is no pollution caused by stirring blades. In this work, the fluid structure in a planetary centrifugal bioreactor was investigated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The effects of operating conditions on the oxygen transfer rate (OTR), mixing efficiency and shear environment of the bioreactor were studied with the revolution speed (N) ranging from 60 to 160 rpm and the rotation-to-revolution speed ratio (i) from −2 to 1. The results show that the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa), turbulence intensity, volumetric power consumption, and shear stress increase along with the increase of the revolution and rotation speeds. Furthermore, the rotation in the opposite direction to the revolution is beneficial to the performance of the bioreactor. The planetary centrifugal bioreactor has a higher kLa of 50–200/h and a lower average shear stress of 0.01–0.05 Pa in comparison with conventional stirred tank bioreactors, which makes it suitable for biological culture of oxygen-consuming cells and shear-sensitive cells.

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Abbreviations

A:

gas-liquid interface area [m2]

a:

specific mass transfer area [m2/m3]

d:

characteristic length [m]

DL :

diffusion coefficient of oxygen [m2/s]

e:

scalar measure of shear strain rate [s−1]

E :

strain rate tensor [s−1]

Eij :

element of the strain rate tensor [s−1]

Gb :

turbulence generation due to buoyancy [kg/m·s3]

Gk :

turbulence generation due to the mean velocity gradients [kg/m·s3]

H:

vessel height [mm]

I:

turbulence intensity [%]

i:

ratio of rotation to revolution speed

k:

turbulence kinetic energy [m2/s2]

kL :

mass transfer coefficient [m/h]

kLa:

volumetric mass transfer coefficient [1/h]

MR :

revolution torque [Pa·s]

Mr :

rotation torque [Pa·s]

N:

revolution speed [rpm]

Nre :

number of full revolutions

p:

mean pressure [Pa[

P/VL :

volumetric power consumption [kW/m3]

R:

revolution radius [mm]

Rε :

additional term due to interaction between turbulence dissipation and mean shear in ε-transport equation of RNG k-ε

Re:

Reynolds numbers

r:

vessel radius [mm]

Sk :

source term for k-transport equation

SM, i :

source term for momentum equation in i direction

Sε :

source term for ε-transport equation

Sφ :

source term

t:

time [s]

u:

mean fluid velocity [m/s]

uch :

characteristic velocity [m/s]

U :

mean velocity vector [m/s]

U G :

velocity vector of the gas phase [m/s]

Ui :

mean velocity in i direction [m/s]

VL :

filling volume [mL]

YM :

dilatation dissipation [kg/m·s3]

α :

inclination angle [°]

α k :

inverse effective Prandtl number for turbulence kinetic energy

α ε :

inverse effective Prandtl number for turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rate

β :

gyration angle [°]

β re :

phase angle relative to the X-axis [°]

γ :

volume fraction of the gas phase

Γ φ :

diffusivity

ε :

turbulence dissipation rate [m2/s3]

μ :

fluid viscosity [Pa·s]

μ t :

turbulent viscosity or eddy viscosity [Pa·s]

ρ :

density[kg/m3]

τ :

scalar measure of shear stress [Pa]

ϕ :

universal variable

Ω :

angular velocity of revolution [rad/s]

ω :

angular velocity of rotation [rad/s]

ω x :

angular velocity component along the X-axis

ω y :

angular velocity component along the Y-axis

ω z :

angular velocity component along the Z-axis

CFD:

Computational Fluid Dynamics

MRF:

multiple reference frame

OTR:

oxygen transfer rate

PISO:

pressure-implicit with splitting of operators

PRESTO!:

pressure staggering option

RANS:

Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes

SM:

sliding mesh

VOF:

volume of fluid

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Acknowledgement

This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51975226 and 51605179).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Baojun Shen, Xiaobin Zhan, Yu He, Zhibin Sun, Jiecai Long, Yili Yang & Xiwen Li

  2. School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Baojun Shen, Xiaobin Zhan, Yu He, Zhibin Sun, Jiecai Long, Yili Yang & Xiwen Li

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  1. Baojun Shen
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  2. Xiaobin Zhan
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Correspondence to Xiwen Li.

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Shen, B., Zhan, X., He, Y. et al. Computational fluid dynamic analysis of mass transfer and hydrodynamics in a planetary centrifugal bioreactor. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 38, 1358–1369 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-0817-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-0817-1

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