Abstract
A quartz tuning fork is an electromechanical resonator with self-actuating and self-sensing capabilities and is widely used as a force sensor in atomic force microscopy and spectroscopy. While the electrical response of a tuning fork is affected by the two prongs’ mechanical motion and stray capacitive current, a purely mechanical motion signal of the tuning fork is required for a quantitative analysis. Here, we demonstrate the extraction of a mechanical motion signal from the electrical signal of an electrically driven quartz tuning fork in various environments, including vacuum, air, and liquid. We show that the extraction formalism is well implemented in vacuum and air, but it does not work in liquid due to the largely enhanced damping and ions present in liquids. Furthermore, using the mechanical signal extracted from the electrical signal, we determine the interaction force exerted on the tip of the tuning fork in ambient air. The present extraction method enables versatile use of electrically driven tuning forks for force, mass, and environmental sensing, in which true mechanical motion signals should be used for accurate and quantitative analysis.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G. Binning, C.F. Quate, Ch. Gerber, E. Weibel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 930 (1986)
S.N. Magonov, D.H. Reneker, Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci. 27(1), 175–222 (1997)
F.J. Giessibl, Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 949 (2003)
K. Karrai, R.D. Grober, Piezoelectric tip-sample distance control for near field optical microscopes. Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 1842 (1995)
Castellanos-Gomeza, A., Agraït, N. & Rubio-Bollingerab. G., Force-gradient-induced mechanical dissipation of quartz tuning fork force sensors used in atomic force microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 111, 186-190 (2011).
M. Lee, B. Kim, J. Kim, W. Jhe, Noncontact friction via capillary shear interaction at nanoscale. Nat. Commum. 6, 7359 (2015)
S. An, J. Kim, K. Lee, B. Kim, Lee M. Jhe, W, , Mechanical properties of the nanoscale molecular cluster of water meniscus by high-precision frequency modulation atomic force spectroscopy. Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 053114 (2012)
J. Kim, D. Won, B. Sung, W. Jhe, Observation of universal solidification in the elongated water nanomeniscus. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5, 737–742 (2014)
F.M. Orr, L.E. Scriven, Pendular rings between solids: meniscus properties and capillary force. J. Fluid Mech. 67, 723 (1975)
F.J. Giessibl, Atomic resolution of the silicon (111)-(7x7) surface by atomic force microscopy. Science 267, 68–71 (1995)
K. Pürckhauera, K. Maier, A. Merkel, D. Kirpal, F.J. Giessibl, Combined atomic force microscope and scanning tunneling microscope with high optical access achieving atomic resolution in ambient conditions. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 91, 083701 (2020)
L. Gross, F. Mohn, N. Moll, P. Liljeroth, G. Meyer, The chemical structure of a molecule resolved by Atomic force microscopy. Science 325, 1110–1114 (2009)
F. Fatayer, F. Albrecht, Y. Zhang, D. Urbonas, D. Peña, N. Moll, L. Gross, Molecular structure elucidation with charge-state control. Science 365, 142–145 (2019)
J. Kim, D. Won, B. Sung, S. An, W. Jhe, Effective stiffness of qPlus sensor and quartz tuning fork. Ultramicroscopy 141, 56–62 (2014)
M. Lee, J. Jahng, K. Kim, W. Jhe, Quantitative atomic force measurement with a quartz tuning fork. Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 023117 (2007)
M. Lee, W. Jhe, General theory of amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 036104 (2006)
A. Liebig, A. Peronio, D. Meuer, A.J. Weymouth, F.J. Giessibl, High-precision atomic force microscopy with atomically-characterized tips. New J. Phys. 22, 063040 (2020)
J. Jahng, H. Kwon, E.S. Lee, Photo-induced force microscopy by using quartz tuning-fork sensor. Sensors 19(7), 1530 (2019)
Z. Wang, J. Qian, Y. Li, Y. Zhang, G. Shan, Z. Dou, Z. Song, R. Lin, Time-frequency analysis of the tip motion in liquids using the wavelet transform in dynamic atomic force microscopy. Nanotechnology 29, 385702 (2018)
Y. Zhang, Y. Li, Z. Song, R. Lin, Y. Chen, J. Qian, A high-Q AFM sensor using a balanced trolling quartz tuning fork in the liquid. Sensors 18(5), 1628 (2018)
S. An, K. Lee, B. Kim, J. Kim, S. Kwon, Q. Kim, M. Lee, W. Jhe, Compensation of stray capacitance of the quartz tuning fork for a quantitative force spectroscopy. Curr. App. Phys. 13, 1899–1905 (2013)
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by Chungbuk National University (2019), the research grant funded by Korea Basic Science Institute (D110100), Research Base Construction Fund Support Program funded by Jeonbuk National University in 2020, and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grants funded by the Korean government (Ministry of Science & Information and Communication Technology) (2017R1C1B5076655, NRF-2020R1F1A1073628), the Basic Science Research Program through the NRF funded by the Ministry of Education (2020R1I1A1A0107075511), and the Technology Innovation Program (or Industrial Strategic Technology Development Program-Materials Parts Technology Development Program) (20010963, Semiconductor Process High Efficiency CMP Slurry Refinement Filter Media and Development of high functional product technology) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE, Korea).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kwon, D., Kim, D., Bae, Y. et al. Mathematical extraction of mechanical characteristics from electrical signals from an electrically driven quartz tuning fork in vacuum, air, and liquid environments. J. Korean Phys. Soc. 79, 485–491 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40042-021-00231-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40042-021-00231-x