Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of camel milk (CM) and allopurinol in an adenine-induced acute renal failure (ARF) model in rats. Rats received adenine oral gavage and were treated with either CM (33 mL/kg) or allopurinol (50 mg/kg) for ten consecutive days. Urine and blood samples were collected on the 1st, 5th, and 10th days of the experiment. Renal tissues were collected for oxidative stress and histopathological change analysis. Adenine induced ARF as indicated by a significant decrease in glomerular filtration rate, heavy proteinuria, hyperuricemia, and histological alterations. Serum concentrations of urea, uric acid, serum osmolarity, and urine output were significantly increased, while urine osmolarity was significantly decreased in the adenine-treated rats. Furthermore, in the adenine group, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and total thiol content were significantly lower, and MDA concentration was significantly higher than the control group. Treatment with CM and allopurinol improved renal function, attenuated structural lesions, and ameliorated oxidative stress in renal tissues. The results indicated that CM and, more effectively, allopurinol were able to protect against adenine-induced kidney injury, possibly by lowering uric acid. Therefore, as a valuable nutrition, CM could be useful in the protection of the kidney against adenine-induced ARF.
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Data Availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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The authors would like to thank the Research Council of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences for their financial support.
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The research leading to these results received funding from Research Council of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences under Grant Agreement No.: 971797.
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MA contributed to acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data for the work. ZSN contributed to conception, writing—original draft and acquisition of the work. SH contributed to conception, acquisition and supervision of the work. HS contributed to investigation of the work. MN contributed to conception of the work. AKR contributed to conception and design, supervision, funding acquisition, interpretation of data of the work and revising it critically for important intellectual content. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. All persons designated as authors qualify for authorship, and all those who qualify for authorship are listed.
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All the experimental procedure were approved by the ethical committee of the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (Approval Code: IR.MUMS.MEDICAL.REC.1398.210).
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Co-first author: Zahra Samadi-Noshahr.
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Allahyari, M., Samadi-Noshahr, Z., Hosseinian, S. et al. Camel Milk and Allopurinol Attenuated Adenine-induced Acute Renal Failure in Rats. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Sci 45, 1539–1548 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-021-01155-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-021-01155-8