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Trace Level Colorimetric Hg2+ Sensor Driven by Citrus japonica Leaf Extract Derived Silver Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis and Application

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Abstract

In this report we demonstrate the use of Citrus japonica (CJ) leaf extract for the first time as biological liquid to work as capping as well as reducing agent for synthesizing extremely stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from its precursor silver salt. Different parameters such as pH, speed of reaction, silver salt concentrations and leaf extract were optimized for the formation of CJ-AgNPs. CJ-AgNPs were then characterized through techniques like Ultra-violet visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Zeta-potential analysis (ZPA) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). As-formed CJ-AgNPs were verified as highly sensitive, extremely selective, stable, economical, eco-friendly and rapidly responsive colorimetric sensor for Hg2+ detection based on color change in solution from yellow to brownish. The dynamic range of developed sensor worked linearly in the range of 0.3–7.3 µM with R2 value of 0.999 and limit of (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) as 0.09 µM and 0.30 µM respectively. The sensor demonstrated negligible interference under the influence of ions like Mg2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Pb2+, Cd2+ and Fe2+ and corresponding anions. The developed sensor was successfully applied to detect Hg2+ at low level in some real water samples.

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Acknowledgements

Director HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, ICCBS, University of Karachi, is highly thanked for provision of leadership role in publishing of this work. This work was supported for funding by King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia via their Researchers Supporting Project (RSP-2021/79).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan

    Shabana Bhagat, Huma Shaikh, Syed Tufail Hussain Sherazi & Roomia Memon

  2. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Ayman Nafady

  3. International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan

    Sirajuddin, Muhammad Iqbal Bhanger & Muhammad Raza Shah

  4. Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan

    Muhammad Ishaque Abro

  5. Shah Abdul Latif University, Ghotki, 65110, Sindh, Pakistan

    Rehana Bhagat

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  1. Shabana Bhagat
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Some authors are directly involved with investigation, formal Analysis & results while others have contributed as supervisors, drafters, reviewers, editors, financial assistant, data curators, correspondents and so on. However, all have handsome contributions for this investigation.

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Correspondence to Sirajuddin.

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Bhagat, S., Shaikh, H., Nafady, A. et al. Trace Level Colorimetric Hg2+ Sensor Driven by Citrus japonica Leaf Extract Derived Silver Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis and Application. J Clust Sci 33, 1865–1875 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-021-02109-1

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