Abstract
Chilto (Solanum betaceum Cav.) is a traditional Andean crop, appreciated for its high nutritional and commercial value. Despite it is cultivated in many countries, the information about the diversity, and conservation of wild populations is still missing. The objectives of this work were to characterize wild populations of the species in northwestern Argentina, regarding the morphological traits of fruits and seeds, to decompose the observed phenotypic variability, and to look for associations between morphological and geographical distances. Fruit weight, length and equatorial diameter, pericarp thickness, pH, total soluble solids were measured in fruits from nine populations, and then a intra and inter population comparison was performed. The phenotypic variance was decomposed by a nested ANOVA. The associations between geographical and morphological distances were assessed by the Mantel test. A wide variability was found in fruit weight, pericarp thickness, and fruit length (24, 19 and 13% coefficient of variation, respectively). Nested ANOVA revealed significant differences in all fruit and seed traits among and within populations (p < 0.001). Fruit weight and length were the traits with the highest total phenotypic variation. The main contribution to phenotypic variance was made by the environmental variance, which includes differences in temperature, precipitation, humidity but also to the experimental error. There were no associations between morphological and geographical distances; although, neighboring populations showed greater similarity. Chilto wild populations have many important characteristics with high potential as a productive regional alternative and as asource for improvement.
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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files].
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Acknowledgements
We thank the local communities for their valuable collaboration in fieldwork, for receiving us kindly in their houses, and for sharing their knowledge and experiences about chilto. We also thank Mayra Tapia, Isabel Cornejo, Anabel Barboza, Macarena Rojas, and Viviana Broglia for helping with field work and measurements. This paper was written in the context of the research projects “United Nations Development Programme” (ARG15/G53), “Eco-etnología: conservación y recuperación de la biodiversidad cultural y natural” (Nº 2482/0), “Variabilidadmorfológica y genética de poblaciones de tomate árbol: un cultivo de importancia para el desarrollo local y regional” (Nº 2475/0), “Incorporación del uso sustentable de la biodiversidad en las prácticas de producción de pequeños productores para proteger la biodiversidad en los bosques de alto valor de conservación en las ecorregiones Bosque Atlántico, Yungas y Chaco” (USUBI-UNDP 15/G53), and it is part of the biological science PhD research of CYL at Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-CONICET (Nº 4199/2017). Prof. Nora Raquel Frizza assited with the English version.
Funding
This work was partially supported by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP ARG15/G53), the Consejo de Investigación de la Universidad Nacional de Salta CIUNSa, Nº 2482/0 and Nº 2475/0), and the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET, Nº 4199/2017).
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Lamas, C.Y., Urtasun, M.M., Giamminola, E.M. et al. Fruit and seed characterization of wild populations of a traditional Andean crop: Solanum betaceum Cav. (Solanaceae) in the Argentinian Yungas. Genet Resour Crop Evol 69, 231–244 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-021-01223-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-021-01223-3