Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-tj2md Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-18T17:28:04.070Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Validation of the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) in the Russian Population

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 June 2021

Evgeniy Evdoshenko Open the ORCID record for Evgeniy Evdoshenko [Opens in a new window] ,
Kristina Laskova ,
Maria Shumilina ,
Ekaterina Nekrashevich ,
Maria Andreeva ,
Nikolay Neofidov ,
Ivan Kalinin Open the ORCID record for Ivan Kalinin [Opens in a new window] ,
Daria Nikitchenko ,
Anna Rogozina  and
Alina Kupaeva
...Show all authors
Evgeniy Evdoshenko*
Affiliation:
SPb Center of Multiple Sclerosis and AID (SBIH City Clinical Hospital #31), St. Petersburg, Russia
Kristina Laskova
Affiliation:
SPb Center of Multiple Sclerosis and AID (SBIH City Clinical Hospital #31), St. Petersburg, Russia
Maria Shumilina
Affiliation:
SPb Center of Multiple Sclerosis and AID (SBIH City Clinical Hospital #31), St. Petersburg, Russia
Ekaterina Nekrashevich
Affiliation:
SPb Center of Multiple Sclerosis and AID (SBIH City Clinical Hospital #31), St. Petersburg, Russia
Maria Andreeva
Affiliation:
SPb Center of Multiple Sclerosis and AID (SBIH City Clinical Hospital #31), St. Petersburg, Russia
Nikolay Neofidov
Affiliation:
SPb Center of Multiple Sclerosis and AID (SBIH City Clinical Hospital #31), St. Petersburg, Russia
Ivan Kalinin
Affiliation:
SPb Center of Multiple Sclerosis and AID (SBIH City Clinical Hospital #31), St. Petersburg, Russia
Daria Nikitchenko
Affiliation:
SPb Center of Multiple Sclerosis and AID (SBIH City Clinical Hospital #31), St. Petersburg, Russia
Anna Rogozina
Affiliation:
SPb Center of Multiple Sclerosis and AID (SBIH City Clinical Hospital #31), St. Petersburg, Russia
Alina Kupaeva
Affiliation:
SPb Center of Multiple Sclerosis and AID (SBIH City Clinical Hospital #31), St. Petersburg, Russia
Ilya Bulanov
Affiliation:
SPb Center of Multiple Sclerosis and AID (SBIH City Clinical Hospital #31), St. Petersburg, Russia
Christos Bakirtzis
Affiliation:
The Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Nicolaos Grigoriadis
Affiliation:
The Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Natalia Khachanova
Affiliation:
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
Maria Davydovskaya
Affiliation:
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia State Budgetary Institution of Moscow City “Clinical Trials and Healthcare Technology Assessment Scientific Research Centre of Moscow Department of Healthcare”, Moscow, Russia
Gleb Makshakov
Affiliation:
SPb Center of Multiple Sclerosis and AID (SBIH City Clinical Hospital #31), St. Petersburg, Russia
*
*Correspondence and reprint requests to: Evgeniy Evdoshenko, MD, SPb Center of Multiple Sclerosis and AID (SBIH City Clinical Hospital No. 31), 197110, 11 Dinamo Ave, St. Petersburg, Russia. E-mail: e.evdoshenko@centrems.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Objective:

Cognitive dysfunction is common in multiple sclerosis (MS). The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) battery of tests has been suggested as a measure for the evaluation of the cognitive status of MS patients. This study aims to validate the BICAMS battery in the Russian population of MS patients.

Methods:

Age- and sex-matched MS patients (n = 98) and healthy individuals (n = 86) were included in the study. Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), California Verbal Learning Test, 2nd edition (CVLT-II) and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test – Revised (BVMT-R) were administered to all participants. The battery was readministered 1 month later to 44 MS patients to investigate the test–retest reliability.

Results:

MS patients exhibited a significantly lower performance in testing with BICAMS than the control group in all three neuropsychological tests. Test–retest reliability was good for SDMT and CVLT-II (r = .82 and r = .85, respectively) and adequate for BVMT-R (r = .70). Based on the proposed criterion for impairment as z score below 1.5 SD the mean of the control group, we found that 34/98 (35%) of MS patients were found impaired at least in one cognitive domain. Patients with Expanded Disability Status Scale score ≥3.5 performed significantly worse than controls (SDMT, p < .0001; CVLT–II, p = .03; BVMT-R, p = .0004), while those with ≤3.0 scores did not.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that the BICAMS battery is a valid instrument to identify cognitive impairment in MS patients and it can be recommended for routine use in the Russian Federation.

Keywords

Multiple sclerosisCognitive dysfunctionValidation studyNeuropsychological testsPsychological testsDemyelinating diseases
Type
Regular Research
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 28 , Issue 5 , May 2022 , pp. 503 - 510
Copyright
Copyright © INS. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Amato, M.P., Langdon, D., Montalban, X., Benedict, R.H.B., Deluca, J., Krupp, L.B., … Comi, G. (2013). Treatment of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: Position paper. Journal of Neurology, 260, 1452–1468. doi: 10.1007/s00415-012-6678-0 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Artemiadis, A., Bakirtzis, C., Ifantopoulou, P., Zis, P., Bargiotas, P., Grigoriadis, N., & Hadjigeorgiou, G. (2020). The role of cognitive reserve in multiple sclerosis: A cross-sectional study in 526 patients. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 41. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102047 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bakirtzis, C., Ioannidis, P., Messinis, L., Nasios, G., Konstantinopoulou, E., Papathanasopoulos, P., & Grigoriadis, N. (2018). The rationale for monitoring cognitive function in multiple sclerosis: Practical issues for clinicians. The Open Neurology Journal, 12(1), 31–40. doi: 10.2174/1874205x01812010031 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benedict, R.H.B. (1997). BVMT-R. PAR. Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc; 125 pages. https://books.google.ru/books/about/BVMT_R.html?id=9d1YnwEACAAJ&redir_esc=y Google Scholar
Benedict, R.H.B., Amato, M.P., Boringa, J., Brochet, B., Foley, F., Fredrikson, S., … Langdon, D. (2012). Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS): international standards for validation. BMC Neurology, 12. doi: 10.1186/1471-2377-12-55 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benedict, R.H.B., Cookfair, D., Gavett, R., Gunther, M., Munschauer, F., Garg, N., & Weinstock-Guttman, B. (2006). Validity of the minimal assessment of cognitive function in multiple sclerosis (MACFIMS). Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 12(4), 549–558. doi: 10.1017/S1355617706060723 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benedict, R.H.B., Groninger, L., Schretlen, D., Dobraski, M., & Shpritz, B. (1996). Revision of the brief visuospatial memory test: Studies of normal performance, reliability, and, validity. Psychological Assessment, 8(2), 145–153. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.8.2.145 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benedict, R.H.B., Morrow, S.A., Weinstock Guttman, B., Cookfair, D., & Schretlen, D.J. (2010). Cognitive reserve moderates decline in information processing speed in multiple sclerosis patients. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 16(5), 829–835. doi: 10.1017/S1355617710000688 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benedict, R.H.B., Smerbeck, A., Parikh, R., Rodgers, J., Cadavid, D., & Erlanger, D. (2012). Reliability and equivalence of alternate forms for the Symbol Digit Modalities Test: Implications for multiple sclerosis clinical trials. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 18(9), 1320–1325. doi: 10.1177/1352458511435717 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benito-León, J., Morales, J.M., Rivera-Navarro, J., & Mitchell, A.J. (2003). A review about the impact of multiple sclerosis on health-related quality of life. Disability and Rehabilitation, 25, 1291–1303. Taylor and Francis Ltd. doi: 10.1080/09638280310001608591 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carotenuto, A., Moccia, M., Costabile, T., Signoriello, E., Paolicelli, D., Simone, M., … Lauro, F. (2019). Associations between cognitive impairment at onset and disability accrual in young people with multiple sclerosis. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1–8. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54153-7 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, M.H., Goverover, Y., Genova, H.M., & DeLuca, J. (2020). Cognitive efficacy of pharmacologic treatments in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review. CNS Drugs, 34, 599–628. Adis. doi: 10.1007/s40263-020-00734-4 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Second Edition.Google Scholar
Da Silva, A.M., Cavaco, S., Moreira, I., Bettencourt, A., Santos, E., Pinto, C., … Montalban, X. (2015). Cognitive reserve in multiple sclerosis: Protective effects of education. Multiple Sclerosis, 21(10), 1312–1321. doi: 10.1177/1352458515581874 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Caneda, M.A.G., & de Vecino, M.C.A. (2016). Correlação entre EDSS e déficit cognitivo em pacientes com EM. Avaliação de uma população brasileira usando uma versão do BICAMS. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, 74(12), 974–981. doi: 10.1590/0004-282x20160151 Google Scholar
Delis, D.C., Kramer, J.H., Kaplan, E., & Ober, B.A. (2000). California Verbal Learning Test Manual: Second Edition, Adult Version. San Antonio: Psychological Corporation.Google Scholar
Deloire, M., Ruet, A., Hamel, D., Bonnet, M., & Brochet, B. (2010). Early cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis predicts disability outcome several years later. Multiple Sclerosis, 16(5), 581–587. doi: 10.1177/1352458510362819 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferreira, M.L.B. (2010). Cognitive deficits in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, 68, 632–641. Associacao Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria. doi: 10.1590/s0004-282x2010000400029 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Filser, M., Schreiber, H., Pöttgen, J., Ullrich, S., Lang, M., & Penner, I.K. (2018). The Brief International Cognitive Assessment in Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS): Results from the German validation study. Journal of Neurology, 265(11), 2587–2593. doi: 10.1007/s00415-018-9034-1 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Giedraitienė, N., Kizlaitienė, R., & Kaubrys, G. (2015). The BICAMS battery for assessment of Lithuanian-speaking multiple sclerosis patients: Relationship with age, education, disease disability, and duration. Medical Science Monitor, 21, 3853–3859. doi: 10.12659/MSM.896571 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gudesblatt, M., Wissemann, K., Zarif, M., Bumstead, B., Fafard, L., Wilken, J., … Lee, L. (2018). Improvement in cognitive function as measured by NeuroTrax in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis treated with Natalizumab: A 2-year retrospective analysis. CNS Drugs, 32(12), 1173–1181. doi: 10.1007/s40263-018-0553-1 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guimarães, J., & Sá, M.J. (2012). Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Frontiers in Neurology, 3, 74. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2012.00074 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harel, Y., Kalron, A., Menascu, S., Magalashvili, D., Dolev, M., Doniger, G., … Achiron, A. (2019). Cognitive function in multiple sclerosis: A long-term look on the bright side. PLOS ONE, 14(8), e0221784. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221784 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ivanets, N.N., Kinkulkina, M.A., Avdeeva, T.I., & Sysoeva, V.P. (2016). The possibility of using standardized self-report anxiety and depression scales in elderly patients: Anxiety scales/questionnaires. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii Im. S.S. Korsakova, 116(6), 31. doi: 10.17116/jnevro20161166131-41 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jongen, P.J., Ter Horst, A.T., & Brands, A.M. (2012). Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis. Minerva Medica, 103(2), 73–96.Google ScholarPubMed
Langdon, D.W., Amato, M.P., Boringa, J., Brochet, B., Foley, F., Fredrikson, S., … Benedict, R.H.B. (2012). Recommendations for a brief international cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis (BICAMS). Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 18, 891–898. doi: 10.1177/1352458511431076 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luerding, R., Gebel, S., Gebel, E.M., Schwab-Malek, S., & Weissert, R. (2016). Influence of formal education on cognitive reserve in patients with multiple sclerosis. Frontiers in Neurology, 7(MAR), 46. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00046 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ozakbas, S., Yigit, P., Cinar, B.P., Limoncu, H., Kahraman, T., & Kösehasanogullari, G. (2017). The Turkish validation of the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) battery. BMC Neurology, 17(1), 208. doi: 10.1186/s12883-017-0993-0 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Penner, I.K., Stemper, B., Calabrese, P., Freedman, M.S., Polman, C.H., Edan, G., … Sandbrink, R. (2012). Effects of interferon beta-1b on cognitive performance in patients with a first event suggestive of multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 18(10), 1466–1471. doi: 10.1177/1352458512442438 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pichkaleva, Y.A., Baidina, T.V., Trushnikova, T.N., & Danilova, M.A. (2019). The association of psychological gender characteristics with quality of life and clinical aspects in patients with multiple sclerosis. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii Im. S.S. Korsakova, 119(2), 49. doi: 10.17116/jnevro20191192249 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pitteri, M., Romualdi, C., Magliozzi, R., Monaco, S., & Calabrese, M. (2017). Cognitive impairment predicts disability progression and cortical thinning in MS: An 8-year study. Multiple Sclerosis, 23(6), 848–854. doi: 10.1177/1352458516665496 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polychroniadou, E., Bakirtzis, C., Langdon, D., Lagoudaki, R., Kesidou, E., Theotokis, P., … Grigoriadis, N. (2016). Validation of the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) in Greek population with multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 9, 68–72. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2016.06.011 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rao, S.M., Leo, G.J., Bernardin, L., & Unverzagt, F. (1991). Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. I. Frequency, patterns, and prediction. Neurology, 41(5), 685–691. doi: 10.1212/WNL.41.5.685 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saccà, F., Costabile, T., Carotenuto, A., Lanzillo, R., Moccia, M., Pane, C., … Brescia Morra, V. (2017). The EDSS integration with the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis and orientation tests. Multiple Sclerosis, 23(9), 1289–1296. doi: 10.1177/1352458516677592 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smerbeck, A., Benedict, R.H.B., Eshaghi, A., Vanotti, S., Spedo, C., Blahova Dusankova, J., … Langdon, D. (2018). Influence of nationality on the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS). Clinical Neuropsychologist, 32(1), 54–62. doi: 10.1080/13854046.2017.1354071 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smets, E.M.A., Garssen, B., Bonke, B., & De Haes, J.C.J.M. (1995). The multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) psychometric qualities of an instrument to assess fatigue. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 39(3), 315–325. doi: 10.1016/0022-3999(94)00125-O CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, A. (1982). Symbol Digit Modalities Test: Manual. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.Google Scholar
Sousa, C., Rigueiro-Neves, M., Miranda, T., Alegria, P., Vale, J., Passos, A.M., … Sá, M.J. (2018). Validation of the brief international cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis (BICAMS) in the Portuguese population with multiple sclerosis 11 Medical and Health Sciences 1109 Neurosciences. BMC Neurology, 18(1). doi: 10.1186/s12883-018-1175-4 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sumowski, J.F., Rocca, M.A., Leavitt, V.M., Dackovic, J., Mesaros, S., Drulovic, J., … Filippi, M. (2014). Brain reserve and cognitive reserve protect against cognitive decline over 4.5 years in MS. Neurology, 82(20), 1776–1783. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000433 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trapp, B.D., & Nave, K.A. (2008). Multiple sclerosis: An immune or neurodegenerative disorder? Annual Review of Neuroscience, 31, 247–269. doi: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.30.051606.094313 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uher, T., Krasensky, J., Sobisek, L., Blahova Dusankova, J., Seidl, Z., Kubala Havrdova, E., … Vaneckova, M. (2018). Cognitive clinico-radiological paradox in early stages of multiple sclerosis. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, 5(1), 81–91. doi: 10.1002/acn3.512 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Schependom, J., D’hooghe, M.B., Cleynhens, K., D’hooge, M., Haelewyck, M.C., De Keyser, J., & Nagels, G. (2014). The Symbol Digit Modalities Test as sentinel test for cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis. European Journal of Neurology, 21(9). doi: 10.1111/ene.12463 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, L.A.S., Osman, L., Berard, J.A., Rees, L.M., Freedman, M.S., MacLean, H., & Cousineau, D. (2016). Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS): Canadian contribution to the international validation project. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 362, 147–152. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.01.040 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zigmond, A.S., & Snaith, R.P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361–370. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed