Abstract
Despite increasing knowledge of social and biological risk factors for callous-unemotional (CU) traits, relatively less is known about how these two sets of risk factors combine to affect these traits. The current longitudinal study investigated pathways from parenting style to CU traits via resting heart rate in a three-year project. Parents of 382 children completed the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire at Time 1 (children Mean age = 9.06, SD = 0.94, range = 7–11 years), with the heart rate data collected at Time 2 (M = 10.16, SD = 0.93, range = 8–13 years) and CU traits assessed at Time 3 (M = 11.06, SD = 0.94, range = 9–13 years). We found that parenting style and CU traits were associated with resting heart rate, and that structural equation modeling showed resting heart rate to partially mediate the effect of parenting style on CU traits. Specifically, higher levels of authoritarian parenting were associated with lower resting heart rate, which in turn was linked to higher level of CU traits. On the contrary, children in the context of authoritative parenting showed relatively higher resting heart rate, which was predictive of lower CU traits. Overall, findings have implications for understanding the etiology of CU traits in children and developing effective prevention programs for children with affective deficits.
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Notes
Heart rate variability, an index of neurocardiac function, roots in the interaction of the heart and the brain and the dynamic processes of the autonomic nervous system, and refers to the oscillation in the time interval between heartbeats.
The current study recorded heart rate with the RSPEC-R and skin conductance level with the PPGED-R, hence, a separate ground channel was not needed.
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This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31400904) and the Guangzhou University's Research Project (YK2020026).The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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Zhang, X., Wang, R., Gao, Y. et al. Resting Heart Rate Mediates the Relationship between Parenting Style and Callous-Unemotional Traits in Chinese Children. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 49, 1419–1430 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-021-00834-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-021-00834-9